Cov neeg nyob hauv South America twb paub txog guano ua chiv 500 xyoo dhau los thiab mob siab rau fertilized lawv teb nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, "dawb kub" yog ib tug nrhiav-tom qab cov khoom raws li lub ntuj chiv no muaj ntau ntau yam tseem ceeb cov nroj tsuag as-ham phosphorus thiab nitrogen.
Dab tsi yog guano?
Lo lus guano los ntawm Andean lus Quechua, uas yog hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm no ib zaug sib tw chiv. Txhais tau tias "dung", vim nws tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Guano yog cov excrement ntawm seabirds - feem ntau cov seem ntawm penguins - uas muaj ib tug loj heev feem ntau ntawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus raws li zoo raws li ntau yam kab kawm thiab yog li ntawd zoo tagnrho rau lub ntuj fertilization ntawm vaj thiab tsev nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov organic chiv tsis yog rau txhua tus neeg vim nws muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab tsis kaj siab.
Cov khoom xyaw thiab siv hauv vaj
Guano chiv muab cov av thiab yog li cov nroj tsuag loj hlob rau nws nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm as-ham, raws li cov khoom muaj phosphorus thiab nitrogen zoo li
- ntau enzymes
- Mineral
- Trace element
- Proteins
- thiab cov kab mob zoo.
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov as-ham sib txawv heev thiab nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li thaj chaw mining thiab kev noj haus ntawm seabirds. Lub subsoil thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm qhov chaw mining kuj tseem ceeb rau cov khoom xyaw, vim hais tias dhau sij hawm cov noog droppings sib xyaw nrog cov pob zeb calcareous hauv qab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho khoom organic uas, zoo li tag nrho cov organic chiv, yuav raug hloov mus rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Cov hom guano chiv
Guano chiv yog muag nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab compositions. Ntshiab guano yog tsis tshua muaj muag; manufacturers feem ntau muab hluavtaws los yog organic NPK chiv nrog tej proportions ntawm guano. Qhov kev faib ua feem no siab npaum li cas txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau 70 feem pua.
Guano chiv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom:
- Powder
- Granules lossis pellets
- Liquid fertilizer
- Fertilizer sticks
Guano nyob rau hauv cov hmoov los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv ncaj qha rau hauv av thiab maj mam sib xyaw. Tom qab ntawd tsis txhob hnov qab dej kom cov chiv tau tob rau hauv cov av thiab ze rau cov hauv paus hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem yaj cov khoom guano chiv hauv dej thiab siv lawv li foliar chiv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tsuas yog txau cov khoom rau ntawm nplooj ntoo. Vim tsis hnov tsw ntxhiab tsw, koj tsuas yog siv cov chiv tshwj xeeb los yog sau cov kua chiv kom tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag.
Excursus
Bat guano yog dab tsi?
Tsis tsuas yog seabirds - thiab penguins tshwj xeeb - tsim guano mob siab rau, lwm hom tsiaj kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no. Tshwj xeeb bat guano muaj nyob rau hauv lub vaj, tseem hu ua bat guano, uas muaj nyob rau nruab nrab me ntsis nitrogen tab sis phosphorus ntau tshaj li qhov seem ntawm seabirds. Txawm li cas los xij, cov chiv no muaj teeb meem vim tias kom tau txais nws koj yuav tsum tau mus xyuas bat roosts uas feem ntau nyuaj rau kev nkag mus thiab cuam tshuam cov tsiaj kom tawg lawv cov xau. Qhov no tsis yog tib qho laj thawj vim li cas bat guano kim heev: ib phaus ntawm cov chiv no raug nqi ntawm 12 txog 25 EUR, nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab ua tau daim ntawv thov
Guano - Schatzinseln und Vogeldreck (360° - GEO Reportage)
Guano tsis yog tsuas yog tsim rau fertilizing vaj, lauj kaub thiab tsev nroj tsuag, tab sis kuj yog siv rau lwm yam hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub vaj txaj:
- Txhim kho cov kab mob hauv av: Ua tsaug rau cov enzymes thiab cov kab mob uas nws muaj, guano ua kom cov av zoo dua qub, yog li thaum siv, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov av hloov pauv - tab sis tsuas yog qeeb heev.
- Txhim kho av zoo: Nrog rau cov guano fertilization tsis tu ncua, ob qho tib si kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov kua dej ntawm cov av txhim kho lub sijhawm, uas yog vim muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv av.
- Fungicide: Tsis tas li ntawd, guano chiv kuj tseem siv tau los ua fungicide, piv txwv li los ntawm kev sib ntaus los yog tiv thaiv kab mob fungal - uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub vaj nroj tsuag - los ntawm foliar fertilization.
- Compost Activator: Vim nws cov khoom xyaw, guano kuj tsim nyog heev li compost activator thiab xws li accelerates tus txheej txheem decomposition nyob rau hauv lub compost heap. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov av zoo compost.
Yuav ua li cas cov chiv muaj guano?
Koj tuaj yeem ua tau kub tawm ntawm cov noog poob.
Kev lag luam guano chiv tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj cov ntshiab lossis tseem muaj ntau cov guano. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab siv cov noog poob los ua ib feem ntawm NPK chiv, uas tseem muaj lwm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov organic lossis hluavtaws. Qhov feem ntawm guano tsis yog ib txwm teev, tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj 30 feem pua ntawm cov khoom.
| Medium | Manufacturer | Qhov chaw thov | Application form | Price | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paj chiv nrog guano | Compo | rau sab hauv tsev, sam thiaj thiab lwm yam potted nroj tsuag | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 4.80 EUR / liter | muaj cov khoom xyaw hluavtaws |
| paj chiv nrog guano extract | Dehner | rau paj ntoo hauv lub vaj thiab lauj kaub | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 4 EUR / liter | muaj cov khoom xyaw hluavtaws |
| organic vaj chiv nrog guano | myorganicgarden | Garden fertilizer for zaub, tshuaj ntsuab thiab txiv ntoo | Granules | kwv yees. 5 EUR / kg | pom zoo rau kev ua teb organic |
| BIO natural chiv nrog guano | Compo | rau txhua lub vaj thiab zaub zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo | Granules | kwv yees. 5 EUR / kg | pom zoo rau kev ua teb organic |
| paj chiv nrog seabird guano | Gärtner's | rau paj ntoo hauv lub vaj thiab lauj kaub | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 8.30 EUR / liter | tseem haum rau cov nroj tsuag ntsuab |
| Plaub zaub mov nrog guano | Substral | rau ntsuab thiab paj lauj kaub thiab ntim nroj tsuag | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 4, 60 / litre | tseem haum rau tsev cog |
| Chaw thiab lub lauj kaub cog zaub mov nrog guano | Substral | rau ntsuab thiab paj lauj kaub thiab ntim nroj tsuag | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 5.30 EUR / liter | tseem haum rau tsev cog |
| Fertilizer sticks plus guano | Compo | ntau ntau yam rau ntsuab, paj thiab potted nroj tsuag | Fertilizer sticks | kwv yees. 2, 70 / 30 daim | Long-term chiv |
| paj chiv rau tsev thiab vaj nrog guano | Biplantol | rau ornamental nroj tsuag | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 9.80 EUR / liter | nrog homeopathic complex |
| Quick composter with guano | Compo | rau composting | Granules | kwv yees. 4.30 EUR / kg | Composting pab |
| Guano chiv rau chav, balconies & terraces | Chrystal | rau potted nroj tsuag | Liquid fertilizer | kwv yees. 8.90 EUR / liter | NPK fertilizer |
Tip
Ceev faj: Tsis yog txhua qhov chaw uas hais tias "guano" yuav tsum muaj guano hauv nws. Cov khoom pheej yig tshwj xeeb muaj tsawg heev los yog tsuas yog nqaij qaib los yog lwm yam noog. Ntawm no, txawm li cas los xij, cov as-ham muaj qhov sib txawv kiag li, vim nws yog cov ntses nplua nuj ntawm seabirds uas ua rau cov chiv no tshwj xeeb.
Yuav ua li cas siv guano kom raug hauv lub vaj
Kev siv guano chiv yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv uas koj siv cov chiv no. Ua haujlwm guano ncaj qha rau hauv av, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tob ntawm ib ncig ntawm xya mus rau kaum centimeters, thiab tom qab ntawd dej kom huv si. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov chiv rau hauv qhov cog ncaj qha thaum cog. Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj cov chiv tseem lo rau nplooj, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua rau nplooj puas tsuaj.
Guano yog nyob rau hauv cov kua, tab sis yog tsis corrosive thiab yog li ntawd siv tau ob qho tib si rau ncaj qha watering rau hauv av thiab rau foliar fertilization. Sib tov cov kua chiv nrog cov dej hauv dej raws li cov lus qhia pob thiab siv ob qho tib si rau cov nroj tsuag tam sim ntawd.
Guano kuj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lo rau houseplants
Rau sab hauv tsev thiab lwm yam potted nroj tsuag, txawm li cas los xij, chiv sticks yog tsim nyog, uas koj tsuas lo ib tug zuj zus mus rau hauv av ntawm ntug ntawm lub lauj kaub - tab sis nyob deb li ntawm ib mus rau ob centimeters ntawm nws. Nyob rau lub asthiv tom ntej no, tus pas txuas ntxiv tso cov khoom noj rau cov nroj tsuag, yog li koj tsis tas yuav fertilize.
Zoo li txhua yam chiv, guano yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv thaum lub caij loj hlob ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab Cuaj Hli. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntshiab, vaj thiab lub sam thiaj cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau theem so ntawm lub sijhawm no thiab yog li tsis tas yuav muaj chiv.
Khoom
Vim tias cov khoom xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov guano chiv sib txawv heev, tau kawg tsis muaj cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm no. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov lus hais txog kev noj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tau:
- Guano chiv tuaj yeem dosedly.
- suav ntawm 40 mus rau 80 grams ntawm guano ib square meter ntawm lub vaj cheeb tsam.
- Fertilize nrog cov nyiaj no ib zaug thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum pib lub caij.
- Yog tias tsim nyog, rov ua qhov no fertilization nyob rau lub Rau Hli, tab sis tsis pub dhau thaum pib lub Xya Hli.
Dilute kua chiv nrog guano nrog dej irrigation, co lub raj mis ua ntej siv. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov av daig rau hauv qab yog tso tawm thiab rov ua dua nrog cov kua seem hauv lub raj mis. Kev siv tshuaj yog qhov yooj yim heev nrog cov kua chiv feem ntau, raws li koj tuaj yeem ntsuas tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau siv lub raj mis cap.
Fertilization yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua txhua lub limtiam thaum lub caij loj hlob, txawm hais tias koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov as-ham ntawm cov kev xav tau tiag tiag ntawm koj cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab tag nrho, qee hom xav tau zaub mov ntau dua li lwm tus, uas tau txais los ntawm qhov tsawg dua.
Excursus
Disadvantages of Guano
Cov khoom noj khoom haus cocktail ua los ntawm guano chiv decomposes qeeb heev, thiab cov granules tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kab mob hauv av. Vim li no, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov chiv no yuav tsis tshua muaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov kub thiab qhuav thiab qis rau qee cov av. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee hom chiv tso cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab.
Ua rau koj tus kheej kua guano chiv
Yog tias koj muaj guano hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem ua kua chiv koj tus kheej yooj yim
Yog tias koj muaj cov guano ntshiab hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv nws los ua cov kua chiv ib leeg. Ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom koj xav tau ib liter dej thiab ib square meter ntawm cog cheeb tsam nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom thiab koj cov av. Qhov nruab nrab, koj siv li ntawm 40 mus rau 80 grams ntawm guano ib square meter ntawm av, uas kuj qhia tau hais tias tsawg npaum li cas ntawm cov chiv koj xav tau piv rau lwm cov organic chiv xws li quav quav los yog compost. Thiab qhov no yog li cas koj ua kua chiv:
- Guano tshuaj yej: Dissolve txog ib mus rau ob tablespoons ntawm guano nyob rau hauv tsib litres dej, cia cov sib tov sawv ntsug ib hmos thiab dej koj cov nroj tsuag nrog rau tag kis sawv ntxov.
- Guano brew: Ntawm no koj cia cov tshuaj yej guano sawv ntsug li 24 teev kom cov npuas sib xyaw thiab yog li qhia txog kev ua fermenting. Ncuav lub broth ncaj qha mus rau hauv av cheeb tsam hauv qab no cov nroj tsuag. Tsis tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej tau txais txiaj ntsig, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov kab mob thiab cov tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig hauv av.
Siv ob yam khoom no tsuas yog hauv huab cua ntshiab xwb, piv txwv li hauv vaj. Cov chiv ua kua hauv tsev tsis haum rau fertilizing sab hauv tsev thiab lwm cov nroj tsuag potted nrog rau cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev vim lawv cov ntxhiab tsw tsw.
Keeb kwm thiab tshwm sim
Nws tsis yog seabirds xwb uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov guano deposits loj, feem ntau hauv South America, ntau hom tsiaj uas nyob ntawd, xws li cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, kuj pab nrog lawv seem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov deposits kuj muaj cov qe thiab cov pob txha thiab cov pob txha ntawm cov noog no thiab dhau sij hawm tau muab tso rau hauv mounds ob peb meters siab - qee qhov ntawm cov mounds siab txog 30 meters lossis siab dua.
Feem ntau ntawm cov deposits yog nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm Peru, uas Alexander von Humboldt tau mus xyuas thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thiab coj thawj cov qauv los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Tseem muaj deposits nyob rau hauv Egypt thiab Is Nrias teb. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tsuas yog cov pob zeb ntuj tau raug mined ntau thiab ntau zaus, tab sis cov khoom tsim "guano Islands" kuj raug tsim. Ua li no, ntau yam tricks yog siv los nyiam seabirds rau cov platforms ntab saum hiav txwv, uas tom qab ntawd tso lawv cov khoom muaj nqis rau ntawd. Raws li kev suav kev tshawb fawb, kwv yees li ib lab seabirds hauv ntiaj teb tsim ib ncig ntawm 600,000 tons ntawm nitrogen thiab 100,000 tons ntawm phosphorus - ib xyoos twg. Tsuas yog qhov ntau npaum li cas cov noog defecate rau hauv av tau suav nrog ntawm no - qhov tshwm sim hauv hiav txwv tsis suav nrog.
Qhov chaw mining rau bat droppings, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Europe.
Excursus
Influence of guano on the climate
Koj puas paub tias cov guano deposits ntawm Humboldt penguins nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm South America muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj av Antarctic? Qhov tseeb, cov deposits yog loj heev uas cov escaping ammonia nce mus rau hauv cov huab cua, qhov uas nws contributes rau huab tsim thiab yog li kom txias txias.
Guano – ecologically questionable
The Humboldt penguins vam khom guano
Raws li qhov zoo raws li tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm guano suab thiab ntau npaum li cov tuam ntxhab tshaj tawm cov khoom siv organic, kev tawg ntawm cov noog poob yog cov lus nug hauv ecologically. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv raw rau guano chiv tuaj rau peb los ntawm kev xyaum ua rau lwm sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas yuav tsum muaj kev txhawj xeeb: kev thauj khoom ntawm kev taug kev no ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev nyab xeeb ua rau CO2, txawm tias. peb muaj txaus, muaj txiaj ntsig sib npaug nrog peb muaj nyob hauv tsev.
Tab sis cov Humboldt penguins kuj raug kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv qhov chaw guano, vim tias cov tsiaj khawb lawv cov burrows rau hauv toj no tiv thaiv los ntawm txias thiab lwm yam huab cua phem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov guano deposits ploj mus, tus penguin yuav tsis pom muaj sijhawm rau zes. Qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov pej xeem tau poob qis txij li kev lag luam pib.
Alternatives to guano
Xwb, koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau ntau lub zos thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg dua cov chiv uas tsis ua phem rau cov xwm txheej lossis ecosystems. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua chiv thiab quav los ntawm nees thiab nyuj, nws kuj muaj xws li nettle thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag manure, nrog rau cov quav qaib cov quav ua ib hom kev hloov hauv zos rau guano. Nqaij qaib guano kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham thiab cov zaub mov thiab tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej siv daim ntawv qhia no:
- Nkauj qaib tshiab.
- Muab qhov no tso rau hauv lub qhov quav.
- Dej av kom huv si.
- Nkauj pw (tsuas yog finely tws straw) hauv qab.
- Tig sib tov kom huv si txhua ob peb lub lis piam.
- Cov quav qaib yuav muab tso rau tom qab li ntawm rau mus rau kaum ob lub hlis.
- Tam sim no siv tau ua chiv hauv vaj.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Puas yog guano lom? Kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv nqos cov chiv?
So kom paub tseeb tias: Guano tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis tsuas yog tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov mucous thiab cov kab mob ua pa. Yog tias koj nqus tau los yog nqos cov plua plav, tau txais huab cua ntshiab thiab ua pa tob tob. Nws kuj pab haus dej kom ntau thiab xyaum yaug koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi los ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij, ntxuav nws nrog xab npum thiab dej; yog tias nws los rau hauv koj lub qhov muag, yaug tawm cov seem nrog dej ntshiab. Kev mus ntsib kws kho mob tsuas yog tsim nyog yog tias koj tsis xis nyob tom qab.
Puas tsis guano chiv tsw tsw phem?
Guano chiv yeej tsw tsw ntxhiab heev, tab sis qhov no tsis pom thaum siv hauv huab cua ntshiab.
Puas yog guano kuj tsim nyog ua chiv mus sij hawm ntev?
Guano yog heev haum raws li ib tug mus sij hawm ntev chiv, raws li cov as-ham tsuas yog tso tawm qeeb heev lawm. Piv txwv li, thaum cog, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv txog ib tablespoon ntawm cov hmoov rau ib tsob nroj rau hauv lub qhov cog kom koj cov nroj tsuag zoo saib zoo txij thaum pib.
Puas yog guano chiv tseem haum rau orchids?
Qee cov kua guano chiv uas yog muag tshwj xeeb rau tsev thiab lub sam thiaj cov nroj tsuag kuj haum rau orchids. Raws li txoj cai, kev pom zoo ntau npaum li cas tau teev nyob rau ntawm lub ntim.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv cov quav qaib tshiab rau fertilization?
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov chiv qaib tshiab tsis haum rau cov chiv vim tias nws muaj corrosive heev thiab yuav xyaum tua cov nroj tsuag. Kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo tias siv cov quav tshiab yuav kis cov kab mob xws li salmonella rau cov nroj tsuag thiab nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev los ntawm lawv. Vim li no, composted qaib quav yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv av qee lub sij hawm ua ntej cov nroj tsuag cog. Tib yam siv rau lwm cov noog poob, xws li cov khoom tsim thaum khaws cov nquab. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov duck thiab goose droppings, vim tias ob hom feem ntau tso tawm salmonella mus tas li.
Tip
Vim tias guano muaj cov nyhuv corrosive, koj yuav tsum hnav hnab looj tes thaum siv cov chiv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov plua plav yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws los yog qhov muag. Tsis tas li ntawd zam plua plav saum npoo av ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog guano plua plav, vim kev sib cuag ua rau kub hnyiab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau ib txwm fertilize rau ib hnub nyob ntsiag to!
