Hobby gardeners xav tsis thoob thaum lawv dheev pom ib tug tsib centimeter kab nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Muaj ntau hom tsiaj uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab zoo li no. Ib txhia nyiam nyob ze tib neeg. Tab sis tsuas yog ob peb yam tsis zoo.
Dab tsi loj dub kab nyob hauv vaj?
Cov kab kab dub loj hauv lub vaj muaj xws li kab kab ntev, kab laum, dung beetles thiab hmoov kab. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov loj me, xim thiab kev ua neej, nrog qee qhov suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lwm tus suav tias yog kab tsuag. Feem ntau nyiam qhov chaw nyob thiab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov vaj teb.
Nyob dub beetles
Muaj ntau cov kab kab dub, tab sis tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg ua raws li kab lis kev cai thiab nyob hauv tib neeg. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis yog kab tsuag, tab sis tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Nyob ntawm cov tsiaj, cov kab ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm 10 thiab 80 millimeters. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom kab no tau nruab nrog tis, lawv tsis tshua pom hauv ya.
longhorn beetle
Beetles nrog ntev antennae belongs rau longhorn beetle tsev neeg. Lawv cov kav hlau txais xov ntev dua lub cev, uas feem ntau yog elongated thiab tiaj tus. Ntau hom pub rau paj qhov chaw, paj ntoos los yog tsob ntoo sap. Lwm tus noj cov tawv tawv tshiab, nplooj lossis stems ntawm herbaceous nroj tsuag thiab ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm longhorn beetle larvae pub rau ntawm ntoo, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm ntoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tsis yog txhua tus kab ntev ntev yog cov kab tsuag ntoo, ntau tus larvae tsuas yog noj ntoo tuag xwb.
- Oak beetle: dub-xim av, larvae noj heartwood of qub oak ntoo
- Small Oak beetle: tawv dub, larvae decompose ntoo ntawm ntau yam ntoo deciduous
- Lub tsev phaw: xim av mus rau dub, larvae noj tuag coniferous ntoo thiab ntoo
Schröter
Ib kab dub nrog pincers yog qhov txawv. Cov kab no yog cov kab lis kev cai ua tau zoo thiab, zoo li stag beetle, belongs rau tsev neeg Schröter. Feem ntau cov tsiaj hauv tsev neeg no tsis muaj tis thaum loj hlob thiab tsis noj zaub mov ntxiv lawm. Lub sijhawm pub mis yog tsim los ntawm larvae, uas feem ntau nyob hauv cov ntoo tuag. Qee qhov Schröter tau nyiam los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qee zaus poob hauv chav tsev.
Profile:
- nruab nrab ntawm yim millimeters thiab cuaj centimeters siab
- variable xim: cib liab, liab doog xim av los yog dub
- Txiv neej feem ntau muaj qhov ncauj qhov ncauj
Dung beetle
Cov kab no ntev li ntawm kaum mus rau 45 millimeters thiab tuaj yeem ua xim av tsaus, ntshav lossis xim dub. Lawv lub cev feem ntau muaj cov xim hlau. Hav zoov dung beetle yog ib hom tsiaj uas nkag mus thoob plaws hauv hav zoov lossis tuaj yeem pom hauv lub vaj. Nyob rau hauv davhlau cov tsiaj zoo li clumsy. Txij li thaum lawv noj cov dung ntawm lwm yam tsiaj, lawv suav hais tias tseem ceeb decomposers nyob rau hauv lub ntuj ecosystem.
Excursus
Impressive orientation
Vine cutter (Lethrus apterus) yog ib tug dung beetle uas belongs rau subfamily Lethrinae. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Central Europe thiab ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb xav tsis thoob. Thaum nocturnal beetles tawm ntawm lawv lub tsev yug me nyuam mus nrhiav zaub mov, lawv taw qhia lawv tus kheej los ntawm lub hnub qub. Ua li no, lawv sawv ntawm lub pob dung thiab tig ntawm lawv tus kheej ntsug axis. Koj nco ntsoov cov duab ntawm lub ntuj hmo ntuj nrog nws qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo li snapshot.
Black Beetle
Cov hmoov nplej feem ntau pom muaj hmoov nplej
Ib tug txheeb ze ze ntawm kab kab thiab dung beetles uas ya tau yog cov hmoov nplej. Nws belongs rau tsev neeg kab dub, uas nyiam qhov chaw sov thiab feem ntau ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau pom nyob ze tib neeg.
Black beetles nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib thiab 50 millimeters ntev thiab muaj lub cev sib txawv. Qhov no ua rau lawv yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog lwm cov kab. Feem ntau hom yog xim dub los yog xim av-xim av. Muaj beetles nrog rusty daj lossis xim av xim.
| scientific | habitat | Food | Pest | Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muaj kab mob tuag | Blaps mortisaga | nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj hauv cellars, barns thiab ruaj khov | decompose organic khoom | no | 2 txog 3 cm |
| Floor Beetle | Tenebrio molitor | Mull, rotting ntoo thiab noog lub zes, hmoov nplej thiab nplej | Insectivores, feed on starch | yog | 1 to 2 cm |
| Beam Schröter | Dorcus parallelipipedus | Deciduous forests thiab orchards with old tree | pab tsob ntoo sap | no | 1 to 3 cm |
| Stag Beetle | Lucanus cervus | sov qhib toj roob hauv pes | suck cog kua txiv | no | Txiv neej 3 txog 8 cm, poj niam 3 txog 5 cm |
| Nkauj tawm tshiab | Anoplotrupes stercorosus | Beech forests, vaj | decomposes quav, noj nceb thiab nqus ntoo sap | no | 1 to 2 cm |
Yav dub kab hauv vaj?
Nov "kab" yog muv xiav-dub ntoo
Cov beetle feem ntau yog cov muv xiav-dub, uas yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb nrog tis xiav. Nws yog cov muv qus loj tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem saib hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Nws tawm ntawm nws lub caij ntuj no nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog thawj lub tshav ntuj sov thiab nrhiav zaub mov ntawm cov paj ntoo uas muaj paj zoo nkauj.
Yuav ua li cas ntoo muv nyiam:
- Ornamental Sweet peas, honeysuckle and rosemary
- tsob ntoo tuag
- sunlit places
Qhov twg cov kab tuaj yeem tshwm sim
kab lis kev cai yog cov tsiaj uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau qhov txiaj ntsig vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv toj roob hauv pes los ntawm tib neeg. Lawv pom cov khoom noj zoo dua, qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau kev tawm mus thiab lub caij ntuj no sov. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj no, zoo li ntau cov kab dub, ua raws tib neeg thiab nyob hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo thiab hauv tsev.
Black beetles belongs rau cov tsev neeg sib txawv thiab muaj kev ua neej sib txawv. Lawv cov zaub mov muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
Nyob hauv vaj
Feem ntau hom nyiam ntau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov nroj tsuag, tsob ntoo thiab ntoo muab zaub mov. Cov ntoo tuag ua kom qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau kev tawm mus thiab lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau beetles nteg lawv lub qe nyob rau hauv lub rotten ntoo. Tsaus niches nyob rau hauv pawg pob zeb lossis ntoo pallets kuj feem ntau populated los ntawm ntau cov kab.
Tip
Nrog lub vaj uas nyob ze rau qhov xwm txheej thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg raws li qhov ua tau, koj tuaj yeem muab cov tsiaj muaj sia nyob. Txawm tej thaj chaw me me uas tshuav rau lawv cov khoom siv txaus lawm.
Nyob hauv tsev
Yog tias koj pom kab hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau sab nraud nrog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab tsis muaj xwm txheej tua nws
Yog tias koj pom kab dub hauv koj lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai tam sim ntawd. Feem ntau cov tsiaj nkag mus hauv lub tsev los ntawm lub sijhawm los ntawm qhov qhib qhov rais vim lawv tau nyiam rau qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo.
Txiv kab ntxwv zoo li cov kab tuag loj nyiam qhov chaw tsaus thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li cellars thiab barns. Hauv qhov xwm txheej lawv feem ntau nyob hauv burrows ntawm ntau hom tsiaj. Ntoo-nyob longhorn beetle larvae yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kuaj xyuas. Lawv feem ntau muaj lub sijhawm loj hlob ntawm ob peb xyoos thiab kuj tsis tshua pom zoo li cov kab laus hauv tsev.
Sib ntaus cov kab dub?
Ua ntej tswj kev ntsuas, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas hom tsiaj kom raug. Tsis yog txhua kab yog suav tias yog kab tsuag. Ntau kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias lawv tshem tawm thiab decompose cov khoom siv organic thiab khib nyiab. Kev txheeb xyuas cov tsiaj kuj tseem ceeb vim tias tsis yog txhua kab kab dub dhau los ua kab tsuag tab sis raug kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj.
| tshuaj tiv thaiv | Frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muaj kab mob tuag | no | tseem muaj, tej zaum yuav rov qab los | |||
| Floor Beetle | no | ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws | |||
| Beam Schröter | yog | tsis txaus ntshai | |||
| Stag Beetle | yog | Ntshai kawg | |||
| Nkauj tawm tshiab | no | often | |||
| Oak buck | yog | critically endangered | |||
| Little Oak Bock | yog | common, poob qis hauv zos | |||
| Hausbock | no | often | |||
| Blue Black Carpenter Bee | no | common in warm regions |
Sib ntaus cov kab dub
Cov hmoov nplej tau nce zuj zus raws li kab tsuag. Cov hom tseem tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas yav tas los siv los ua cov chaw cia rau cov nplej. Cov kab no tsis tshua muaj zog thiab nrhiav qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv tsev los tso lawv cov qe. Lawv nkaum hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov kav dej hauv qab nthab. Cov hmoov nplej, spaghetti thiab noob noog yog cov khoom noj zoo tshaj plaws.
Yuav ua li cas tua hmoov kab:
- Ntxuav lub txee thiab tub rau khoom
- nqus cov niches qab lub qhov cub thiab rooj tog
- Kua lub hnab nqus tsev vacuum nyob rau hauv lub hnab yas kaw
- pov tseg cov zaub mov tsis huv
- Yog xav tias muaj kab mob, zaub mov yuav cawm tau los ntawm khov
Tip
Pheromone ntxiab nyiam cov kab. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov no ua rau cov neeg nkag nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsis txaus ntseeg sai dua.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Puas muaj cov kab dub loj nrog tis xiav?
Tom qab cov kab txaij uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yog cov muv xiav-dub. Nws tsis tshua muaj sib xws nrog beetles. Cov kab zoo siab yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj qus muv. Nws tuaj yeem pom foraging rau zaub mov thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nectar-nplua nuj flowering nroj tsuag yog pom zoo qhov chaw ntawm lub zog.
Dab kab dub loj nrog pincers npe hu li cas?
Yog tias koj pom cov kab no hauv koj lub vaj, xav txog koj tus kheej muaj hmoo. Tej zaum koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug stag beetle. Tsuas yog txiv neej tsim cov qhov ncauj qhov ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj haujlwm ntxiv lawm vim tias tus tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas nws tus kheej. Tus poj niam pab tus khub los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm qhov txhab ntawm cov ntoo qhib ntoo. Cov beetles ces nqus cov nroj tsuag uas khiav tawm.
Cov kab dub twg muaj kav hlau txais xov ntev?
Strikingly ntev antennae yog ib yam ntawm cov kab longhorn kab. Cov kav hlau txais xov feem ntau protrude tshaj qhov loj ntawm lub cev, uas ua rau cov kab no tsis muaj tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov xim yog sib txawv. Tsis yog txhua txhua longhorned beetle yog dub. Feem ntau hom muaj xim iridescently, nrog cov xim ntau yam xws li ntshav liab mus rau xiav rau xim ntsuab.
Tus kab twg nyob rau lub teb chaws Yelemees loj tshaj?
Betles nyob rau hauv Central Europe tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm ob millimeters thiab yim centimeters. Ntawm cov kab beetle, stag beetle yog hom loj tshaj plaws, ntawm peb mus rau tsib centimeters, cov poj niam me me dua cov txiv neej. Cov no loj hlob mus txog yim centimeters ntev. Qhov loj ntawm lub cev no tuaj yeem tshaj ib hom los ntawm longhorned beetle tsev neeg. Nyob rau ntawm 17 centimeters, tus loj longhorned beetle yog cov kab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tshwm sim hauv Brazil.
Kuv yuav paub qhov txawv cov kab dub li cas?
Saib cov duab ntawm lub hom phiaj portals. Cov kab loj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim heev vim tias lawv feem ntau txhim kho lub cev zoo nkauj. Lub cev lub cev, kav hlau txais xov thiab elytra tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas tsev neeg. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tsiaj kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib ntawm ceg ceg, pronotum lossis lub qhov ncauj.
