kua chiv, NPK chiv, ua kom tiav chiv - muaj ntau suav tsis txheeb chiv sib xyaw ntawm lub khw uas txawv heev nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, daim ntawv thov thiab zoo. Kab lus no yuav pab koj nrhiav tau koj txoj hauv kev hla hav zoov ntawm ntau qhov kev thov.
Dab tsi yog chiv?
Cov chiv ua tiav yog cov chiv uas muaj peb lub ntsiab lus nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) thiab potassium (K). Lawv txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tua, paj tsim thiab kev loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo raws li zoo raws li resilience ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov chiv ua tiav tuaj yeem yog cov ntxhia, organic lossis organo-mineral thiab sib txawv hauv cov khoom xyaw, daim ntawv thov thiab zoo.
- Cov chiv ua kom tiav muaj cov khoom noj tseem ceeb nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium nyob rau hauv ntau yam sib txawv nyob ntawm cov khoom.
- Nyob ntawm cov khoom, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj txawv nrog rau lwm cov as-ham thiab kab kawm.
- Kev sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia, organic thiab ntxhia-organic tiav chiv.
- Txhua hom chiv muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
- Nyob ntawm cov khoom xyaw thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua tiav chiv tsis haum rau ib leeg fertilization.
Dab tsi yog chiv?
Dünger - Was ist das?
Txhua cov av uas siv rau kev ua teb lossis kev ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum tau fertilized - tom qab tag nrho, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob rau nws tshem tawm cov as-ham tseem ceeb ntawm cov av. Raws li zaub thiab nplej tau sau thiab nyom yog mowed, cov khoom noj uas muab rho tawm tsis tau rov qab rau hauv av thiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Cov chiv ua tiav muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov nroj tsuag siv feem ntau thaum lawv loj hlob.
Feem ntau cov no yog cov tshuaj nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob. Lawv txhua tus txhawb peb qhov kev loj hlob:
- Nitrogen: yog luv nrog tsab ntawv “N”, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tua thiab ceg, yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau photosynthesis
- phosphorus: yog luv nrog tsab ntawv "P", txhawb kev tsim paj thiab kev loj hlob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo
- Potassium: abbreviated "K", txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau cov kab mob, kab tsuag, thiab Frost thiab drought
Cov chiv ua tiav yog siv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb nrog rau hauv tsev thiab kev nyiam ua vaj tsev nrog rau lub lauj kaub, thoob dej yug ntses thiab terrarium nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si granular thiab, siv hauv tsev, daim ntawv kua.
Composition
Ib yam li peb, cov nroj tsuag kuj xav tau ntau yam minerals
Nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium yog peb yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov nroj tsuag xav tau ntau dua. Lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tseem ceeb tab sis xav tau hauv cov khoom me me yog magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) thiab sulfur (S). Lawv kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chiv.
Tsis yog txhua cov chiv ua tiav muaj cov khoom hu ua kab, uas tsuas yog tsim nyog hauv cov khoom me me xwb. Minerals xws li boron (B), chlorine (Cl), hlau (Fe), tooj liab (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) thiab zinc (Zn) yuav tsum tau siv qee zaus, nyob ntawm seb. hom chiv xaiv yuav ntxiv fertilized.
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov chiv ua tiav muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov as-ham tam sim no thiab ntau npaum li cas. Ntawm no cov ntsiab lus cov ntsiab lus yeej ib txwm muab nyob rau hauv feem pua, uas feem ntau cov cim yog raws li nram no: 15/15/15 txhais tau hais tias nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj yog txhua tus muaj nyob rau hauv cov chiv ntawm 15 feem pua. Blaukorn, ib qho nrov ua tiav cov ntxhia chiv, yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov piv ntawm 12/12/17 + 2. Txij li thaum cov as-ham tseem ceeb yeej ib txwm teev tseg raws li hauv qab no: N - P - K - Mg - S, qhov no txhais tau tias rau xiav nplej: 12 feem pua nitrogen, 12 feem pua phosphorus, 17 feem pua poov tshuaj thiab 2 feem pua magnesium. Lwm yam khoom xyaw tam sim no yuav muab teev tseg.
Yuav ua li cas cov chiv tiav lawm?
Yeej muaj peb hom chiv ua tiav, uas txawv ntawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab hom kev ua.
| Complete chiv | Keeb kwm | Shape | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muaj ntxhia chiv | synthetic, dag chiv | dissolved as chiv ntsev los yog kua chiv | fast zoo, xav tau fertilization (rau cov chiv mus ntev) | nyuaj npaum li cas, tshaj fertilization tuaj yeem ua tiav sai, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau av lub neej thiab tsim humus |
| Organic tiav chiv | cog thiab tsiaj raw khoom | nyob rau hauv cov khoom los yog kua daim ntawv | Cov zaub mov raug tso tawm maj mam, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub neej hauv av thiab tsim humus | Tsis muaj lub hom phiaj thiab ua kom muaj kev sib kis sai sai rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb (xws li kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus), kev npaj meej ua rau kev txiav txim siab |
| Organic-mineral tiav chiv | ob qho tib si hluavtaws thiab organic pib cov ntaub ntawv | nyob rau hauv cov khoom los yog kua daim ntawv | combine zoo ntawm ob hom chiv | ua kom tsis zoo ntawm ob hom chiv |
Nyob hauv koj lub vaj tsev, koj yuav tsum nyiam cov chiv ua kom tiav es tsis txhob siv cov chiv xws li xiav nplej. Mineral chiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dua thiab dua vim tias lawv tsis muaj humus-tsim lub zog ntawm cov av - lawv tsuas yog siv tam sim ntawd lossis xaus rau hauv av. Organic ua tiav cov chiv, nyob rau hauv lem, txhawb cov av lub neej thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov as-ham nplua nuj humus yog tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, overfertilization yog qhov nyuaj ntawm no, raws li cov as-ham tsuas yog tso rau cov nroj tsuag maj mam.
Excursus
Puas yog cov chiv ua tiav thiab NPK chiv tib yam?
Ntau yam NPK chiv txawv hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg
Vim txhua txhua NPK chiv muaj peb lub ntsiab as-ham nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj, nws kuj yog ib tug ua tiav chiv. Tab sis ntawm no ib yam nkaus thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv heev ntawm tus kheej cov khoom. Qee cov NPK chiv tsuas muaj peb yam no xwb, thaum lwm cov NPK tiav chiv muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
" Ib txwm nyiam cov organic rau cov ntxhia chiv, raws li cov kev txhawb nqa humus."
Qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo twb tau tham nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus dhau los, lub rooj no yuav tsum tam sim no muab rau koj ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lwm yam txawv nta.
| Advantages | Disadvantages | |
|---|---|---|
| Organic tiav chiv | Overfertilization tsis tau | ntau dua li cov chiv chiv |
| Txhim kho av lub neej thiab tsim humus | tsis muaj cov khoom noj nrawm nrawm | |
| Kev ua qeeb qeeb, cov khoom noj tau tso tawm maj mam, ua haujlwm ntev | feem ntau muaj poov tshuaj tsawg heev | |
| Siv cov khoom siv raw | ||
| Muaj ntxhia chiv | ua sai sai, cov as-ham muaj rau cov nroj tsuag tam sim ntawd | Kev muaj sai sai kuj txhais tau tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev fertilization ntau dhau: Qhov no ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag thiab ib puag ncig |
| high nutrient concentration | Kev phom sij ntawm kev pub mis tshaj: Qhov no ua rau cov nroj tsuag thiab ib puag ncig puas | |
| cheap price | Ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj los ntawm raw khoom extraction thiab manufacturing txheej txheem | |
| qee yam khoom uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev | negative influence on av life and humus tsim |
Muaj cov chiv tsis txaus rau cov nroj tsuag
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ua tiav cov ntxhia chiv tshwj xeeb feem ntau tsis muaj tag nrho cov as-ham tsim nyog thiab yog li yuav tsum tau siv cov chiv ntxiv. Qhov no siv, piv txwv li, rau txiv qaub fertilization, piv txwv li rau cov nyom. Txiv qaub tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv dua li calcium, uas yog siv los tiv thaiv av acidification. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob fertilize thiab txiv qaub koj cov nyom tib lub sijhawm, tab sis theej siv cov txiv qaub nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum ntxov thiab ua tiav cov chiv tsawg kawg plaub lub lis piam tom qab. Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau qhov no:
- Calcium reacts tsim ammonia thiab dej-insoluble phosphorus, kom cov as-ham tsis muaj rau cov nroj tsuag raws li xav tau
- Cov chiv siv rau cov av uas muaj pH qis kuj tseem muaj cov nroj tsuag muaj tsawg vim tias cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau
- yog vim li cas txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog: ua ntej nce pH tus nqi los ntawm liming, ces fertilize
Tab sis qee lub sij hawm fertilization tej zaum yuav tsim nyog rau lwm cov as-ham, piv txwv li vim chlorosis tshwm sim los ntawm hlau deficiency tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog ib qho khoom noj ntawm cov ntxhia ua tiav.
Application
Txhua tsob ntoo muaj nws tus kheej xav tau kev noj haus
Thaum siv cov chiv kom raug, ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account txhawm rau khaws cov kev tsis zoo thiab kev puas tsuaj uas tau hais tseg me me li sai tau thiab khaws cov txiaj ntsig xav tau raws li qhov ua tau.
- Tsis txhob cia li muab ib qho chiv rau tag nrho lub vaj.
- Nco: Txhua tsob nroj muaj nws cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- Cov av thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ib yam ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub vaj.
- Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov chiv sib txawv yog tsim nyog nyob ntawm cov av muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cog.
- Yeej, cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog muaj cov khoom noj ntau dua li cov paj lub caij ntuj sov thiab lwm cov nroj tsuag ornamental. Woody nroj tsuag kuj yuav tsum tau fertilized tsawg zaus.
- Yog li koj yuav tsum tsim ib txoj kev npaj thoob plaws lub caij ua teb raws li lub vaj teb twg yuav tsum tau muab cov chiv twg thiab lub caij twg.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov chiv ua kom tiav yog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas muaj concentrated, uas koj yuav tsum xub dilute ua ntej txhua daim ntawv thov. Qhov no yooj yim dua nrog cov kua chiv vim tias koj tuaj yeem ntsuas lawv zoo thiab sib xyaw nrog cov dej hauv dej. Nco ntsoov ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm ntau npaum li cas thiab daim ntawv thov muab rau ntawm lub ntim. Ntsuas qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom meej meej thiab siv lawv sib npaug - yog li ntawd thaum fertilizing cov nyom, piv txwv li, qee qhov chaw tau txais ntau cov chiv thiab lwm yam tsawg dhau. Ob leeg ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov nyom, piv txwv li los ntawm kev kub hnyiab lossis kev loj hlob luv.
Cov cai no kuj siv tau thaum siv cov chiv ua tiav:
- fertilize thaum sawv ntxov lossis yav tsaus ntuj yog ua tau
- tsis tau nyob rau nruab nrab hnub kub li no yuav ua rau chiv hlawv
- tsis txhob fertilize nyob rau hauv cov cua muaj zog
- Tsis txhob fertilize rau ntawm cov av qhuav, qhov zoo tshaj tom qab da dej los yog tom qab watering
- faib cov chiv sib npaug (piv txwv li nrog kev pab los ntawm tus neeg sib kis (€ 23.00 ntawm Amazon))
- Thov cov chiv ncaj qha rau hauv av, tsis txhob nchuav lossis dej hla cov nroj tsuag
Koj kuj yuav tsum tau nyeem cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb kom zoo, vim tias ntau cov chiv muaj tshuaj lom thiab / lossis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Excursus
Qhia cov qauv av ua ntej fertilization
Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej siv cov chiv ua tiav, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab seb puas muaj cov as-ham hauv av uas ploj lawm. Ntau lub vaj av yog overfertilized, uas yog vim li cas uncontrolled fertilization ua rau puas tsuaj rau koj cov nroj tsuag thiab koj cov av. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau teem caij rau kev tshuaj ntsuam av txhua ob mus rau peb xyoos, nyob rau hauv uas lub koom haum tshwj xeeb txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm koj cov av. Nrog rau kev ntsuam xyuas koj yuav pom cov as-ham uas muaj ntau thiab koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm kev npaj fertilization. Nrog rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tailored chiv koj yuav muaj peev xwm muab koj cov nroj tsuag raws li lawv xav tau.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Koj yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum fertilizing nyom?
Thaum fertilizing nyom, ntau yam ntawm fertilization yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account. Piv txwv li, cov nyom nyom yuav tsum tau fertilized txawv dua li nyuj los yog nees pasture. Nyuj thiab nees muab ib theem pib fertilization nrog lawv cov excrement, thaum tsis tu ncua mown meadows raug kev txom nyem lub sij hawm.
Cov lus pom zoo rau ob qho tib si yog siv NPK ua tiav chiv nrog sulfur. Qhov no nce cov protein thiab lub zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Meadows uas tsis grazed yuav tsum tau txais cov chiv nrog nitrogen ntau dua. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov kev cai chiv.
Koj puas tuaj yeem ua tiav chiv koj tus kheej?
Tau kawg koj tsis tas yuav chiv ua kom tiav. Hloov chaw, lub vaj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev nrog cov khoom siv organic xws li compost, (rotted) manure, horn shavings thiab pluas noj, thawj pob zeb hmoov thiab vaj txiv qaub. Qhov tsis zoo, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham thiab lawv cov proportions.
Tip
Qee tus neeg ua teb kuj cog lus los ntawm kev fertilizing nrog cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm nettles.
