Gravedigger beetles tsis txhob saib deb thaum carrion pw ib ncig ntawm hav zoov thiab teb. Carcasses raug faus nrog kev sib koom ua ke thiab rov ua dua tshiab ua chaw yug me nyuam rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Kev sib koom tes zoo thiab cov txheej txheem khaws cia qeeb qeeb decomposition. Lub compact profile teev cov yam ntxwv breathtaking ntawm carrion beetles. Peb caw koj mus rau txoj kev lom zem dhau los ntawm lub neej tau koob hmoov ntawm ib lub pob zeb zoo nkauj ntawm rau ceg.
Vim li cas gravedigger beetles pab tau?
Gravedigger beetles yog cov kab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas pov tseg cov carrion zoo li cov tsiaj me tuag thiab siv los ua qhov chaw yug me nyuam rau lawv cov larvae. Lawv pab txhawb rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab tseem noj cov khoom cog qoob loo thiab kab tsuag.
- Gravedigger beetles yog elongated-oval, 12-26 mm loj, dub nrog ob liab-daj hla bands nrog ib tug zigzag qauv ntawm lub npog tis (nrog rau cov dub gravediggers)
- Common Gravedigger thiab Black Gravedigger muaj cov kav hlau txais xov liab-daj. Dub-horned gravedigger muaj dub kav hlau txais xov
- Gravediggers yog cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias cov kab carrion siv carcasses los ua zaub mov thiab chaw yug me nyuam
Gravedigger Beetle - Profile
Gravedigger beetles yog kab zoo heev
Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem xaiv lub npe zoo dua. Gravedigger beetles yog cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo vim tias lawv mob siab rau pov tseg carrion. Carcasses mus txog qhov loj ntawm tus nas tsis yog tsuas yog faus xwb, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij ua tiav thiab rov siv dua los ua zaub mov thiab chaw yug me nyuam rau lawv cov larvae.
| Gravedigger | Common Gravedigger | Black Gravedigger | Black-horned Gravedigger |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | 12-22mm | 18-26mm | 12-18mm |
| xim | dub | dub | dub |
| Top wing | liab-daj, jagged cross bands | dub | liab-daj jagged cross bands |
| Antenna Clubs | liab-txiv kab ntxwv | liab-txiv kab ntxwv | dub |
| Food | Carrion | Carrion | Carrion |
| Kev ua haujlwm | diurnal | diurnal | diurnal |
| Botanical name | Nicrophorus vespillo | Nicrophorus humator | Nicrophorus vespilloides |
| Tsev neeg | carrion beetle | carrion beetle | carrion beetle |
| Occurrence | Asia, Europe mus rau Finland | Asia, Europe mus rau yav qab teb Scandinavia | Asia, Europe to British Isles |
Tus gravedigger beetle underpins nws nimbus raws li ib tug zoo kab nrog rau lwm yam zaub mov nyiam. Cov tsiaj pom nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe zoo siab rhuav tshem cov khoom cog rotting thiab tua kab thiab larvae. Cov qauv tsiaj txhu muaj xws li ntau yam kab tsuag uas ua rau lub neej nyuaj rau cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm hauv lub vaj, ntawm lub sam thiaj thiab terrace.
Excursus
Tus qhua tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv chav tsev
Txhua lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd tus kab gravedigger taug kev mus rau hauv chav tsev. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij tsaus ntuj, thaum lub teeb ci ua rau cov kab poob lawv txoj kev taw qhia thiab nkag mus rau hauv tsev. Qhov no tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb vim tias cov gravediggers tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis tom los yog sting. Txiav tawm los ntawm nws cov khoom noj ntuj tsim, qhov kev puas tsuaj no txhais tau hais tias kev tuag rau cov kab uas muaj txiaj ntsig. Thaum koj tau qhuas tus qhua tsis tshua zoo, thov pib ua haujlwm cawm siv lub iav ua kom yuam kev. Vim hais tias gravedigger beetles tsis agile zoo li lwm cov kab hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim tso iav rau kab. Tam sim no xaub ib daim duab los yog daim ntawv ob npaug rau hauv qab, nqa koj cov qhua tawm sab nraud thiab cia nws mus.
Ecologically beneficial propagation method
Gravedigger beetles xyaum ua kom muaj kev tsim tawm zoo nkauj kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no sim nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj hauv cov kauj ruam nkag siab. Koom nrog peb thaum peb pib ib tsev neeg sophisticated nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj ntawm carrion beetles:
Tshuaj ntsuab nrhiav
Mating season is in May
Txij lub Tsib Hlis mus, cov txiv neej gravediggers pib nrhiav cov tsiaj me tuag ua qhov chaw yug me nyuam zoo. Cov nas me xws li voles lossis moles nrog rau cov noog feem ntau suav hais tias yog. Beetle masters uas tau pom dab tsi lawv tab tom nrhiav nyiam cov poj niam uas npaj txhij ua khub. Kev ua koob tsheej kev ua koob tsheej hu ua Sterzeln. Tus txiv neej seductively stretches nws backside rau saum huab cua thiab wiggles nws promisingly. Yog tias cov txiv neej sib tw tshwm sim, nyiam los ntawm qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm carrion, thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua yuav ua kom paub meej txog cov tswv cuab txoj cai. Poj niam gravediggers, txawm li cas los xij, zoo siab txais tos thiab yuav tsis tawm tsam.
Muaj thiab tso qe
Tam sim ntawd tom qab mating, tus expectant beetle niam txiv khawb ib kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv lub carcass, uas ces pib tog. Tom qab 6 teev, tus tsiaj tuag twb nyob hauv av thiab tom qab 30 teev nws tau mus txog nws txoj haujlwm kawg hauv lub crypt. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, cov plaub hau lossis plaub raug tshem tawm thiab cov carrion yuav siv lub ntsej muag kheej kheej.
Pib los ntawm lub crypt, tus poj niam khawb ib tug niam qhov thiab nteg qe nyob rau hauv nws. Qe nteg yeej tsis tshwm sim ncaj qha rau hauv carrion. Tus poj niam kab tom qab ntawd noj ib qho crater hauv lub cev, lub npe hu ua noj crater. Ntawm no tus poj niam ua siab ntev tos tus me nyuam thawj zaug hnia.
Larvae hatching and brood care
Cov kab mob ua zaub mov thiab chaw yug me nyuam
Tsis pub dhau ob peb teev, cov larvae hle tawm ntawm cov qe thiab wanderly mus rau lawv niam. Txhawm rau pab nrog kev taw qhia, nws tau ua tib zoo cim qhov chaw yug me nyuam nrog cov ntxhiab tsw. Thaum thawj ob molts, cov xeeb ntxwv tau noj qhov ncauj-rau-qhov ncauj los ntawm ob niam txiv. Tom qab qhov thib ob molt, cov larvae muaj lub qhov ncauj muaj zog txaus los pub rau lub cev ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev pub mis txuas ntxiv ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog siab ntawm cov larvae loj hlob sai. Kev loj hlob ntawm larval, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm peb molts, txuas ntxiv nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm 4 mus rau 6 hnub, nyob ze nrog kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg laus kab.
Cov larvae ces tawm ntawm qhov chaw yug me nyuam mus rau burrow rau hauv av deb deb thiab pupate muaj. Lwm 14 hnub dhau mus txog thaum cov kab gravedigging tiav lawm tawm ntawm lawv cov menyuam txaj. Tag nrho cov seem ntawm lub cev yog lub plhaub khoob.
Tip
Gravedigger beetles yog chatterboxes tiag. Cov beetles sib txuas lus tas li siv cov suab nrov nrov thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm hnyav ntawm faus ib tug carcass thiab kev tu siab ntawm cov brood. Txhua tus uas taug kev los ntawm qhov xwm txheej nrog qhib pob ntseg muaj lub sijhawm zoo los mloog cov kab gravedigging thiab qhuas lawv tom haujlwm.
Dream Team of the Forest - Gravediggers and Mites
Gravedigger beetles tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua cov neeg sib tw khoom noj los ntawm kev faus lawv cov tsiaj nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm ntev, uas yoov siv los tso lawv cov qe rau ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov uas mites tuaj ua si, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse gravediggers los thwart qhov kev sib tw. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov kev npaj ua haujlwm li cas:
- Gravedigger beetle sniffs out dead nas
- Beetle taug kev hla lub cev thiab nqa nws los xyuas qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav raws li qhov chaw muaj peev xwm yug me nyuam
- Mite coj nrog lawv hloov ntawm kab mus rau lub cev kom rhuav tshem cov qe ya
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib tw yeej-yeej: Mites tuaj yeem yooj yim thauj mus rau cov khoom noj los ntawm kab tsheb tavxij. Tsis muaj voracious maggots tsim rau ntawm lub cev thiab cov kab larvae noj cov khoom siv.
Nyob hauv cov vis dis aus hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem saib hauv cov duab zoo nkauj npaum li cas lub pob zeb dub-horned gravedigger thauj mites li cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau carrion.
Schwarzhoerniger Totengraeber (Nicrophorus vespilloides)
Ingenious preservation - gravedigger beetle slows down decomposition
Kev siv cov mites ua cov pab pawg tu tawm tsam yoov qe tsis txaus rau cov kab gravedigger los tiv thaiv lub tsev yug me nyuam. Yuav kom qeeb decomposition, carcass yog expertly npaj. Cov kab ntse ntse muaj lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub nkoj, raws li xav paub entomologists los ntawm Max Planck lub koom haum hauv Jena nrhiav pom.
Ib tug tsiaj tuag uas tau muab ntxuav cov plaub hau thiab ua tiav rau hauv ib lub pob ntawm cov nqaij tau txais kev kho mob tshwj xeeb nrog cov zais zis. Qhov no cocktail ua rau lub tsev yug me nyuam nyob ntev. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, gravediggers npog cov zaub mov nrog ib zaj duab xis ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov poov xab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv ntawm carrion beetles thiab txau mus rau lub cev. Yog li ntawd, decomposition slows down, cov as-ham tseem ceeb tau khaws cia thiab tsim cov tshuaj lom carcass tiv thaiv.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Kuv muaj ib tug gravedigger beetle khiav ncig kuv lub tsev. Yuav ua li cas?
Tseem tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb vim kab ntsaum twb ploj lawm. Thov ntes tus qhua uas tsis tuaj yeem ciaj sia. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam nyob ntawm tes rau lub hom phiaj no. Xwb, muab koj tus kheej nrog ib lub khob thiab ib daim duab los qhia. Muab lub khob tso rau ntawm kab. Maj mam thawb cov duab los qhia hauv qab iav, nqa lub khob hauv tsev loj cuj thiab nws cov neeg nyob hauv tsev thiab tso tus gravedigger rau kev ywj pheej.
Puas faus kab kab mob lom rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj?
Gravedigger beetles tsis txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj
No, gravedigger beetles tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj. Cov beetles tsis tom thiab tsis muaj stingers. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, carrion beetles ua rau lawv tus kheej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li tub ceev xwm noj qab haus huv vim tias lawv pov tseg cov tsiaj txhu thiab noj cov khoom cog rotting. Tsis tas li ntawd, gravediggers prey ntawm lwm yam kab thiab larvae, nrog rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm tom thiab stinging kab.
Dab tsi yog gravedigger beetle?
Ib tug gravedigger beetle yog 12 txog 22 cm ntev. Nws lub cev elongated oval yog dub. Lub npog tis yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ob lub dav, txiv kab ntxwv-daj transverse bands nrog ib tug zigzag-shaped ciam teb. Lub tis coverts, pronotum thiab plab npoo yog plaub hau daj. Cov xim ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov sib txawv nyob ntawm cov hom, nyob rau hauv cov xim dub-horned gravedigger (Nicrophorus vespilloides) cov kav hlau txais xov yog xim dub. Common burying beetle (Nicrophorus vespillo) thiab black burying beetle (Nicrophorus humator) khav theeb liab-txiv kab ntxwv antennae.
Dab tsi qis dua ntawm gravedigger beetle muaj?
Lub gravedigger beetle genus yog sawv cev los ntawm 70 hom thoob ntiaj teb. Peb hom uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau Tebchaws Europe raws li kev faib qis dua yog cov gravedigger (Nicrophorus vespillo), dub gravedigger (Nicrophorus humator) thiab dub-horned gravedigger (Nicrophorus vespilloides). Cov hom tsiaj loj tshaj plaws hu ua Nicrophorus germanicus nrog lub cev ntev txog 30 millimeters tsis tshua pom.
Koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab gravedigging nyob qhov twg?
Gravedigger beetles muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw uas muaj cov tsiaj me tuag nyob ib puag ncig. Cov carcasses yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau faus rau hauv cov av xoob hauv hav zoov siv los ua chaw yug me nyuam thiab khoom noj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntsib cov kab kab tshwj xeeb carrion yog nyob hauv hav zoov, nyiam dua ntawm ntug hav zoov tshav ntuj.
Tip
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kab gravedigging mus tshaj li kev hlub brood care. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm American National Academy of Sciences tau pom tias niam txiv tsis muaj faus cov kab larvae tuav nruj ua ke. Yog tias ob niam txiv tsis ua zaub mov noj raws li qhov me me, cov larvae ua haujlwm ua ke ua cov nqaij kom txog thaum nws tsim nyog rau kev noj. Nws tsis yog cov kwv tij txheeb ze uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov kev koom tes zoo kawg nkaus. Cov larvae tso tseg los ntawm cov tsev neeg gravedigger nyob sib ze kuj tau koom ua ke hauv pab pawg.
