Lawv yog npauj khoom noj thiab tsis zoo li tsis quav ntsej tej zaub mov hauv pantry. Dried txiv hmab txiv ntoo npauj tawm tsam ntau yam zaub mov thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm. Thaum koj muaj nws, koj ntsib kev sim siab ntev. Tab sis nrog cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog, tus kab mob plague tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau zoo.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav?
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke nrog pheromone ntxiab, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj hauv tsev lossis kab muaj txiaj ntsig xws li kab mob cab. Cov cua kub tua cov larvae thiab pupae, thaum cov roj yam tseem ceeb xws li lavender, clove lossis cedar ua rau cov neeg laus npauj. Raws li kev tiv thaiv, zaub mov yuav tsum raug kaw kom nruj thiab cov khoom tshiab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua.
Sib ntaus cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav
Txhua tus uas tau pom muaj kab mob los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yuav tsum ua siab ntev. Yog tias koj xav kom tshem tawm cov kab tsuag, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov kev tswj ncaj qha xwb. Kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ua yeeb yam nws tus kheej.
Pheromone ntxiab
Cov ntxiab zoo li no muaj kev sib deev uas nyiam txiv neej. Lawv lo rau qhov nplaum nplaum tom qab tsaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntsuas no tsis tsim nyog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv vim tias tsis muaj poj niam lossis cov menyuam yaus nyiam cov ntxhiab tsw. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej pheromone los xyuas seb puas muaj cov npauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav hauv koj tsev neeg. Cov attractants yog hom tshwj xeeb, yog li koj xav tau ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav. Cov cuab yeej siv tau ntau lub lis piam.
Pheromone ntxiab yog siv dav hauv kev tawm tsam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav
Chemical agents
Ntau yam tshuaj tua kab muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam uas koj tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem cov larvae. Cov khoom lag luam feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj pyrethrum, uas tau txais los ntawm ntau hom Tanacetum. Lawv muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nkaum ntawm cov larvae kom lawv tuag hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Muaj kab kab tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug fleece uas tiv thaiv los ntawm ib daim phiaj. Tshaj li ob peb lub hlis, cov fleece tso tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rau hauv cov huab cua uas yuav tsum ua kom puas cov npauj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg.
Nyob zoo kab
Kev siv cov kab mob cab ntawm genus Trichogramma zoo thiab tsis muaj mob rau kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv yog cov cab thiab nteg lawv cov qe nyob rau hauv lub qe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav npauj siv lub tinger ntev. Wasp larvae noj cov qe los ntawm sab hauv. Cov neeg laus cov kab mob cab nrhiav cov clutches tshiab los tso lawv cov qe. Thaum cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig ua lawv txoj haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv lub tshuab nqus tsev.
Advantages:
- Nyob zoo kab tsis tshua pom
- tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg
- Parasitic wasps ploj sai li sai tau thaum lawv tsis pom cov qe npauj
Bekämpfung von Motten mit Nützlingen (Trichogramma)
Tshem tawm nrog tshuaj hauv tsev
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav kom tsis txhob muaj qee yam khoom noj xws li rog thiab roj, qab zib thiab ntsev ntxiv rau cov zaub mov haus luam yeeb hnyav. Ntau lwm yam khoom tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yuav tsum muab pov tseg yog tias muaj kab mob tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntsuas ntxiv txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab tsuag kom tsis txhob kis mus ntxiv.
Tip
Nqus niches thiab huv lub tub yees, txee thiab nto nrog vinegar dej.
Hot Air
Yog tias koj cov rooj tog zaum ruaj khov thiab tsis pleev xim, koj tuaj yeem ua kom cov kab nrib pleb thiab cov kab nrib pleb nrog lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws rau ob peb feeb. Cov cua kub tua cov larvae thiab pupae thiab tiv thaiv cov qe los ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv. Txoj kev no siv tau zoo heev vim huab cua kub mus txog qhov chaw nyuaj.
Cold and heat treatment
Yog tias koj pom muaj kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, koj yuav tsum tau kho cov zaub mov tsis zoo raws li kev ceev faj. Cia cov khoom noj khov rau li ib lub lim tiam. Qe thiab larvae tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv qhov txias txias hauv lub freezer. Lawv muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob qhov kub thiab txias mus rau rho tawm kaum degrees Celsius rau lub sij hawm luv luv. Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam yog tias koj sov cov zaub mov hauv qhov cub kom 60 txog 80 degrees Celsius.
Fragrance Oils
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum faib cov nroj tsuag uas muaj ntxhiab tsw tsw ntxhiab los yog cov hnab ntim tshuaj tsw qab rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev. Cov roj tsw qab ntawm lavender, clove lossis cedar tau hais tias ua rau cov neeg laus npau taws tsis meej thaum lawv nrhiav qhov chaw tso lawv cov qe. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no ua rau npauj nrhiav lwm qhov chaw nkaum. Cov roj tsw qab tsis pab tawm tsam larvae, qe thiab pupae.
Lavender hnab confuse tus npauj
Kev tiv thaiv
Vim cov qe tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, cov zaub mov muaj kab mob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv khw muag khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom cov pov thawj ntawm kab tsuag.
Xov khoom noj
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav feem ntau tuaj rau hauv tsev nrog tsiaj pub. Yog tias koj muab cov khoom noj sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov chaw qhib kev pabcuam tus kheej hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov kab tsuag. Tsis txhob yuav yog tias koj pom kab, larvae lossis maggots hauv cov zaub mov. Cov zaub mov ntim yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov me me hauv ntawv thiab ntawv ci qhia tias muaj kab mob.
Tip
Yuav kom muaj me me es tsis txhob khaws cov khoom loj. Thaum khaws khoom noj, xyuas kom txias thiab qhuav.
Kho khoom noj kom nyab xeeb
Ib lub taub hau taub hau feem ntau tsis txaus los khaws zaub mov kom zoo. Cov tub ntxhais hluas larvae muaj peev xwm nkag tau los ntawm cov xov mus rau sab hauv. Ib qho kev xaiv cia zoo yog lub thawv airtight nrog lub hau uas muaj roj hmab foob. Cov thawv txias txias zoo yog tsim rau kev khaws cia.
Note: Nws yuav siv li ob peb lub hlis kom tshem tau tus kab mob plague dua. Yog li ntawd, xyuas kom tseeb tias koj cov khoom siv tau khaws cia rau hauv ib qho airtight nkaus.
Profile
Ntxhais txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav muaj xim zoo nkauj
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav (Plodia interpunctella) yog hom kab npauj npaim los ntawm tsev neeg borer. Nws suav hais tias yog kab tsuag pantry thiab tawm tsam ntau yam khoom noj hauv tsev neeg thiab khw muag khoom. Cov tsiaj tau qhia rau Central Europe thiab kis tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Ntau lub npe:
- Copper-red qhuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo npauj
- Khawv npauj lossis tsev npauj
- ua tsis raug cov kab npauj cocoa, tom qab uas hom Ephestia elutella zais
Zoo
Cov neeg laus npauj npaim muaj qhov ntev ntawm 13 txog 20 millimeters. Lawv lub cev yog nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub mus rau kaum millimeters ntev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau hmoov nplej thiab cocoa npauj, qhuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo npauj yog ntau conspicuously xim. Lawv forewings tshwm tooj liab-liab nyob rau sab sauv nrog ib tug creamy dawb cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej peb, uas yog txawv los ntawm ib tug dub xim band. Thaum cov npauj so, thaj chaw no zoo li lub xub pwg dawb. Lub hauv qab ntawm lub forewings yog silver-grey nyob rau hauv cov xim. Sab nraub qaum kuj muaj xim grey.
| Coloring | Size | Lwm yam | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Egg | dawb nrog net-zoo li qauv | txog 0.5 x 0.3 mm | sticky |
| Larva | dawb, ntsuab, liab nrog lub taub hau xim av | hluas: mus txog 1.5 mm, laus 14 mus rau 17 mm | Coloring nyob ntawm zaub mov |
| Doll | white | 6 txog 8 mm | dab ntxwg nyoog |
Muaj thiab tso qe
Tsuas yog ob peb teev tom qab yug me nyuam, cov txiv neej nrog lawv cov khub niam txiv sib deev, uas nteg qe ib pliag tom qab. Cov poj niam nteg nruab nrab ntawm 200 thiab 400 qe, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov qe tsis tau tso tag nrho ib zaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv ob peb theem, nrog rau txhua hnub tus nqi txo qis. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, qe tau tso ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos.
Excursus
Maggots thiab caterpillars
Caterpillars hatch los ntawm cov qe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav npauj. Lawv sawv cev rau theem pub mis ntawm butterflies, vim tias ntau tus neeg laus butterflies tsis tuaj yeem noj ntxiv lawm. Cov theem larval ntawm butterflies hu ua kab ntsig. Tsis zoo li maggots, uas yog cov larval theem ntawm dipterans, caterpillars muaj lub taub hau capsule thiab cov ceg tawv tiag tiag.
Lifecycle
Tom qab li ib lub lim tiam, kab ntsig, uas tuaj yeem ua xim sib txawv, hatch. Lawv noj tsuas yog nyob rau txheej txheej ntawm cov zaub mov thiab txuas ntxiv tsim cov webs zoo. Lawv mus dhau ob peb molts thaum lub sij hawm pub mis no. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem kev loj hlob no txawv ntawm peb thiab xya nyob ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, nrog tsib theem larval yog ib txwm.
Siab ua ntej pupation, tus larvae nres noj thiab nkag mus rau ib theem wandering. Lawv tso cov khoom noj thiab nrhiav qhov chaw nyob uas lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus ua chrysalis. Kev taug kev tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm peb thiab kaum hnub. Caterpillars pupate nyob rau hauv crevices thiab sheltered niches. Nyob rau hauv lub cocoon, larvae tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev dormant uas tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 330 hnub. Tus mob no hu ua diapause.
Nov yog li cas diapause tshwm sim:
- poob kub
- Tsis muaj teeb meem
- cov neeg coob coob
| Kev loj hlob hauv qe | Larval development | Kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam roj hmab | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 degrees Celsius | 8 hnub | 50 hnub | 16 hnub |
| 25°C | 5 hnub | 28 hnub | 9 hnub |
| 30°C | 3 hnub | 20 hnub | 7 hnub |
Ecology thiab tshwm sim
Txawm hais tias cov larvae ntawm qhuav txiv hmab txiv ntoo npauj nyob ntawm tej tej yam kev mob rau kev loj hlob zoo, kab ntsig kuj muaj peev xwm ciaj sia suboptimal tej yam kev mob rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Ua li no, kab laug sab laus nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev uas lawv qeeb lawv cov metabolism thiab tsis noj zaub mov ntxiv lawm. Tsuas yog thaum cov xwm txheej tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua yuav cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus.
Temperature
Cov larvae tuaj yeem nyob qhov txias txias rau lub sijhawm luv luv, cia lawv muaj sia nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj cua sov. Txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau sab sauv ob-tus lej tsis ua mob rau cov kab mob. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias poob qis dua kaum degrees Celsius, cov larvae kuj tuag. Yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub nce siab tshaj 30 degrees Celsius, qhov kev ua ntawm kab ntsig kuj txo. Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20 txog 30 degrees Celsius.
Moisture
Lub neej ntawm npauj npaim nce thaum cov av noo nce. Yog li ntawd, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov chav damp cia. Puddles ntawm dej kuj txhawb kev ciaj sia ntawm butterflies. Caterpillar txoj kev loj hlob kuj txhawb los ntawm cov txheeb ze av noo. Nws khiav ceev ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 50 thiab 90 feem pua. Cov larvae ciaj sia txawm tias qhuav heev nrog cov av noo txog li 20 feem pua.
Liab
Cov npauj feem ntau ua haujlwm thaum tsaus ntuj, qhov chaw uas lawv nyiam rau qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo thiab suab nrov nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Thaum nruab hnub lawv zaum ntawm phab ntsa nrog lawv cov tis folded. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov larvae yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hnub ci ntau npaum li cas. Lub sijhawm luv ntawm qhov ci ua rau pw tsaug zog.
Siv
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav tuaj ntawm thaj chaw sov, sov thiab subtropical. Lawv qhov chaw faib khoom tseem ceeb txuas los ntawm Zej Zog Sab Hnub Tuaj mus rau thaj tsam Mediterranean. Ntawm no cov larvae loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li figs, hnub los yog apricots. Cov hom no tau nkag mus rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws sab nraum zoov. Vim tias nws cov khoom noj siab ntev thiab yoog raws siab, cov npauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yog cov zaub mov ntau tshaj plaws.
Food
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav qhuav tsis noj zaub mov. Tsuas yog cov kab ntsig ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau cov khoom siv, Cov poj niam nteg lawv cov qe rau ntawm cov zaub mov kom cov larvae tuaj yeem kis tau sai. Lawv muaj ntau yam khoom noj thiab feem ntau tawm tsam cov khoom noj uas muaj carbohydrate nplua nuj thiab cov noob. Txawm tias daim ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab yas tsis muaj teeb meem rau lawv vim lawv tuaj yeem noj lawv txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov khoom.
No yog kab ntsig noj:
- Chocolate: nyiam dua nrog almonds thiab hazelnuts
- Nuts: trail mix, pistachios
- Grain khoom: pasta, muesli, bread
- Seed: legumes xws li chickpeas, millet
- Stimulants: kas fes, tshuaj yej, cocoa
- Fruit: tshwj xeeb yog cov txiv apples tshiab, txiv duaj lossis hnub
Ntuj nug nug tau
Yuav ua li cas kuv thiaj paub tias npauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav?
Koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov kab npauj txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau yam zaub mov tau them rau hauv lub vev xaib zoo. Cov kab tsuag nyiam nyob hauv damp pantries, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus cov huab cua qhuav hauv chav ua noj. Yog tias koj pom npauj nyob hauv koj chav pw lossis ntawm koj cov khaub ncaws, tej zaum nws yog npauj npaim (Tineola bisselliella).
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov txawv cov npauj:
- Dried fruit moths feem ntau yog xim av-dawb xim
- Ntsuab npauj muaj nyiaj-grey tis
- Mealborers tshwm xim av-daj
Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau tus npauj txiv qhuav zes?
Yog tias koj tau pov tseg cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob, koj yuav tsum khaws cov zaub mov tsis huv hauv lub thawv txias nrog cov roj hmab ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Tom qab ntawd tshawb xyuas cov chav kom huv si. Tom qab lub sij hawm pub mis, larvae rov qab mus rau hauv niches, tawg thiab tawg thiab pupate muaj. Qee lub sij hawm cov kab ntsig tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv qab hauv pem teb npog thiab overwinter nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus theem. Kab ntsig taug kev deb ntawm qhov chaw noj mov thiab qhov chaw pupation, tso cai rau lawv kis thoob plaws hauv tsev.
Npauj txiv qhuav nyob ntev npaum li cas?
Lub neej ntawm npauj npaim yog nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Npauj npaim muaj sia nyob li ntawm ob mus rau peb lub lis piam ntawm chav sov. Lawv xav tau qhov kub thiab txias kom cov larvae hatch los ntawm cov qe thiab cov kev loj hlob tom ntej kuj nyiam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub warmer nws yog, qhov ceev cov kab mob loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qe, larval thiab pupal theem:
- 20°C: kev loj hlob yuav siv sij hawm 74 hnub
- 25°C: kev loj hlob hauv 42 hnub
- 30°C: kev loj hlob yog 30 hnub
Dej txiv kab ntxwv tuaj qhov twg?
Dried fruit moths yog qhia los ntawm cov zaub mov tsis huv. Qe clutches feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj pub. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, cov larvae hatch thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv tsev. Cov khoom lag luam cereal feem ntau muaj kab mob, txawm tias kab ntsig muaj ntau yam khoom noj thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lwm yam khoom noj qhuav.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav puas ua mob rau noj qab haus huv?
Feem ntau tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb yog tias koj noj zaub mov tsis raug. Txawm hais tias cov larvae tsis muaj tshuaj lom, lawv kis tau cov zaub mov. Lawv tawm hauv qab cov xaum zoo uas cov fungi tuaj yeem daws tau. Kev kis kab mob tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm. Kev noj cov khoom tsis huv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg rhiab heev xws li cov neeg tsis haum tshuaj lossis mob hawb pob. Raws li kev ceev faj, pov tseg cov khoom noj uas cuam tshuam thiab zoo li tsis zoo.
