Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg thiab cockchafer larvae yeej ib txwm fraught nrog teeb meem. Kom txog rau thaum lub larvae hloov mus rau hauv ya harbiners ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv ua greedy grubs thiab incur lub displeasant ntawm gardeners thiab ua liaj ua teb. Phau ntawv qhia no qhia txog kev tswj hwm ecological, muab cov lus qhia rau kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab saib xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm May beetle.
Yuav ua li cas koj tua cockchafer larvae ecologically nyob rau hauv lub vaj?
May beetle larvae, tseem hu ua grubs, raug suav hais tias yog kab tsuag vim lawv noj cov cag ntoo thiab ua rau lub vaj puas. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ecological xws li nematodes tuaj yeem tua lawv yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thaum kev saib xyuas lub vaj ntuj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Tus kab laum cockchafer raug suav hais tias yog teeb meem vim nws cov khoom noj muaj cov cag ntoo.
- Muaj tshwm sim nrog kev puas tsuaj loj yog ib yam dhau los.
- Nematodes tua cov kab mob hauv zos nrog cockchafer grubs yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Organic vaj kev saib xyuas yog kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
May beetle larva – pests los zoo?
Tus kab laum cockchafer tshuav nws lub koob npe phem rau nws cov zaub mov. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm txhua yam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntawm cockchafer grubs, ib tug grub siv li ntawm peb mus rau tsib xyoos ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob tob rau hauv av thiab pub rau cov hauv paus hniav. Lub cockchafer larva tshuav nws cov xwm txheej raws li kab tsuag rau cov khoom noj tsis zoo no. Kev poob siab lossis kev puas tsuaj hav zoov loj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau yws txog thaum muaj ntau qhov nrog cov pejxeem ntawm 100 txog 200 larvae ib square meter.
Lub hnub ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim los ntawm cockchafer larvae tau ploj mus ntev. Hauv ntau qhov chaw, tsuas yog niam tais yawm txiv tau pom tus kab mob plague ntawm May beetles. Txog thaum xyoo 1960, tseem muaj ib hnub tawm mus kawm ntawv thaum lub xyoo hu ua May beetle kom cov menyuam tuaj yeem khaws cov kab thiab cov larvae. Niaj hnub no, cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tseem tuaj yeem paub cov kab "Max thiab Moritz" los ntawm Wilhelm Busch los yog Sumseman los ntawm "Peterchens Mondfahrt".
Kev xaiv kab mob tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm
Hauv zos, cockchafer larvae ua rau mob taub hau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nyiam ua haujlwm thaum zes nrog cov swarm tuab ntawm grubs hauv txaj lossis hauv qab nyom. Ib qho kab mob tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm kev loj hlob stunted ntawm perennials, bushes thiab ntoo. Cov pob daj tshwm nyob rau hauv cov nyom, uas maj mam loj thiab qhuav tawm. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, nws yog kev nplij siab me ntsis rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb uas cov poj niam cockchafers feem ntau nyiam cov av hauv vaj ua chaw zov me nyuam uas tau tswj hwm hauv ecologically piv txwv.
Maikäfer: Invasion der Engerlinge | Unser Land | BR Fernsehen
Sib ntaus cockchafer larvae nrog cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig - Nov yog qhov nws ua haujlwm
Koj puas tau pom ib tug kab laum qaib? Tom qab ntawd qhov no yog lub sijhawm los tshawb xyuas lub txaj lossis nyom rau cov qauv ntxiv. Yog tias koj pom ntau tus grubs lossis tag nrho cov zes nyob rau hauv cov nyom, kev tswj xyuas yog ib qho kev xaiv. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias tus kab mob tsis dhau los ua tus kab mob plague, nws tsis tas yuav tsum siv tshuaj lom neeg lom. Hloov chaw, koj cia siab rau kev tiv thaiv muaj zog ntawm nematodes ntawm genus Heterorhabditis. Yuav ua li cas tua May beetle larvae nrog cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig:
- Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tswj hwm yog 6-8 lub lis piam tom qab lub sijhawm ya davhlau
- Yuav cov nematodes tshiab (xws li 12 lab rau 24 m²) nrog rau cov pas dej da dej (€ 13.00 ntawm Amazon) rau kev sib kis nrog lub pas dej da dej
- Dissolve nematodes hauv av granules hauv dej raws li tus neeg muag khoom cov lus qhia
- dej thaj chaw cuam tshuam nrog dej nematode
- ua kom cov av tsis tu ncua moist rau 6 mus rau 8 lub lis piam
- Tsis txhob txiv qaub lub txaj los yog nyom ua ntej los yog tom qab (fertilization tsis thab nematodes)
Cov nematodes, uas yog kwv yees li 1 hli me me, nquag nrhiav May beetle larvae thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Nyob ntawd cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig tso tawm cov kab mob uas muaj tshuaj lom rau cov grubs. Cov larvae raug rhuav tshem hauv 2 mus rau 3 hnub. Cov nematodes muaj lawv qhov chaw pom ntawm cockchafer thiab Lub Rau Hli kab grubs tib yam. Pupated larvae thiab cov neeg laus kab tsis yog ib feem ntawm nematode's prey pattern.
Tsuas muaj kev pom zoo thaum muaj xwm ceev - av fungus tua cockchafer larvae
Cov kab mob fungal tua cockchafers mob heev
Thaum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau DDT thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg tawm tsam cockchafer larvae, cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov av fungi. Beauveria brongniartii tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ntau tus lej ntawm grubs thiab cockchafers rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo. Cov fungus kis nws tus tswv nrog spores, uas tsis yog larvae lossis cov kab laus laus ciaj sia.
Tus neeg sawv cev tswj tau siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nplej uas muaj cov kab mob loj hlob nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Cov spores tsim nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 5 mus rau 10 centimeters nyob rau hauv cov av thiab kis kab mob cockchafer larvae uas twb muaj lawm. Hauv tebchaws Yelemes, kev siv tshuaj tseem yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Hauv Austria, qhov kev npaj muaj nyob rau ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tsob nroj. Switzerland tau pom zoo cov khoom siv rau hauv cov vaj me me thiab hauv tsev.
Excursus
Rose beetle larva lossis cockchafer larva?
Nrog lawv cov tis xim ntsuab ntsuab, cov kab roses yog ib lub koob tsheej rau lub qhov muag. Lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ua rau pom qhov zoo ntawm beetles menyuam yaus kev ua si, txawm tias rau tus neeg layman. Qhov sib txawv ntawm rose beetle larvae thiab cockchafer larvae yog teeb meem ntau dua. Ob hom tsiaj muaj rau tsev neeg scarab beetle thiab saib zoo sib xws thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhov zoo sib xws no xaus tragically rau kev tiv thaiv rose beetle grubs. Qhov chaw muab ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog qhov twg larva koj pom nyob rau hauv lub vaj. Rose beetle larvae nyiam nyob hauv compost vim lawv cov khoom noj muaj tsuas yog cov tuag, decomposing cov nroj tsuag. Lub cockchafer larva colonizes cov av hauv qab txaj thiab nyom rau nibble ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm bushes, ntoo, perennials, nyom thiab zaub.
Kev tiv thaiv yog kev tswj zoo tshaj
Hedgehogs hlub larvae thiab grubs
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tiav kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cav ncaj qha nrog cockchafer larvae. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau txoj hauv kev zoo muaj los xyuas kom meej tias cov poj niam cockchafers tsis nteg lawv cov qe hauv txaj lossis nyom hauv thawj qhov chaw. Nov yog qhov nws ua haujlwm:
Kab tiv thaiv nets
Tom qab lub caij ntuj sov kawg, lub caij dav hlau tseem ceeb ntawm cockchafers pib. Tam sim no cov kab tiav lawm tawm ntawm lawv lub plhaub, uas lawv tiv thaiv lawv siv lub caij ntuj no. Txiv neej thiab poj niam tsis yig los pib tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, cov ntxhais tis yog mated thiab tab tom nrhiav ib qho chaw tso lawv cov qe. Los ntawm npog lub vaj nrog kab tiv thaiv nets, koj tuaj yeem tso tseg rau poj niam kab. Thaum lub ntiaj teb sov sov, kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau sau tseg hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub pib / nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis.
Ntxim nyiam cov yeeb ncuab
Cov yeeb ncuab tshaj tawm ntawm cockchafer grubs muaj xws li moles, hedgehogs, badgers, starlings thiab crow. Ntau lwm cov neeg sib tw lom neeg nyiam noj cov kua dej larvae. Txhawm rau kom cov tsiaj nyeg nrhiav lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau hauv lub vaj thiab tua cov cockchafer larvae, cov xwm txheej tsim nyog yog qhov zoo. Cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia hauv qab no tuaj yeem txhawb koj rau lub vaj ntuj uas muaj teeb meem cockchafer larvae thiab lwm yam grubs muaj tes tsis zoo:
- kev zam txim ntawm tshuaj tua kab
- Vajtswv tsim nrog cov ces kaum qus, pawg nplooj, rotten trunks raws li qhov chaw khiav tawm
- Tsim sib xyaw thiab Benje hedges li nkaum qhov chaw rau kab zoo
Kev ceev qaib thiab ducks yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub vaj ntuj. Pecking chickens thiab tibneeg hu tauj coob ducks pom txhua me me cockchafer qe thiab txhua grub nyob rau hauv tsis muaj sij hawm. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias cov ducks khiav thwart cov phiaj xwm ntawm voracious slugs mus tua paj, perennials thiab zaub nroj tsuag.
Scarify lawn
Nco tsis tu ncua kom txhob kis kab mob
Cov nyom yog qhov chaw nrov rau cov poj niam cockchafers nteg qe. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw ntsuab zoo khaws cia nrog tuab turf tsis tau txais tos los ntawm cov poj niam kab. Kev scarifying tsis tu ncua yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntse tiv thaiv grubs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws yog thaum lub qe raug tso. Lub scarifier tsis tsuas yog combs tawm thatch thiab ua chaw rau muaj zog noble grasses. Cockchafer qe uas twb muab tso lawm los kuj puas lawm.
Lawn tiv thaiv ntaub
Yog tias koj tab tom tso cov nyom tshiab, nws tsim nyog nqis peev rau hauv cov ntaub tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntxhib subgrade thiab nplua subgrade. Qhov kev ceev faj no yog ib txwm qhia yog tias koj lossis koj cov neeg zej zog tau ntsib nrog ntau tus May beetles. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no tuaj ntawm tus nqi. Hauv kev xa rov qab, koj tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm cockchafer larvae. Lwm cov qhua uas tsis tau caw, xws li moles, kuj nyob deb ntawm koj cov ntaub pua plag.
Background
Mass tuaj txog txhua 30 txog 45 xyoo
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov tshwm sim loj ntawm cockchafer larvae tshwm sim txhua 30 txog 45 xyoo. Thaum cov larvae, nrog cov pej xeem ntawm 200 grubs ib square meter, cavort nyob rau hauv hav zoov pem teb thiab nibble ntawm tsob ntoo hauv paus, cuam tshuam cov ntoo tuag thoob plaws lub rooj tsavxwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob cockchafer feem ntau tau tshaj tawm hauv zos, ib yam li hauv ib cheeb tsam nyob rau yav qab teb Hesse xyoo 2010. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ntawd tau siv tshuaj tua kab tshuaj tua kab. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thoob tebchaws los ntawm cov koom haum kev txuag ntuj. Lub NABU (Nature Conservation Association ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees) qhia meej meej nyob rau hauv ib tug dav acclaimed txoj hauj lwm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv 2006 tias natural regulatory mechanisms tau tshem ntawm qhov teeb meem sai li sai tau raws li cov tshuaj lom.
Tseem tsis muaj cockchafers ntxiv lawm Tej zaum lawv txoj kev tawm mus ua rau kuv ntshai thiab tej zaum kuv txiav txim siab tias cov cockchafers ua ntej me ntsis ntawm peb (Reinhard May)
Cockchafer larva in portrait - profile kom paub
May beetle larvae hlob mus txog 5cm loj
Lub neej ntawm cockchafer larva pib li me me, 3 hli ntev, qe daj. Thaum tus menyuam mos tawm ntawm lub qe tom qab 4 mus rau 6 lub lis piam, cov niam txiv tau ntev dhau los lawm. Txiv neej cockchafers tuag tam sim ntawd tom qab mating. Cov poj niam ua tib zoo xaiv qhov chaw sib txawv los nteg 15 mus rau 100 qe txog 10 cm tob hauv av. Nrog rau txoj haujlwm no, poj niam cockchafers tau ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj hauv lub neej thiab tseem tuag. Cov hauv qab no qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm grubs:
| Maj beetle larva | |
|---|---|
| Ib tsev neeg | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus | Cockchafer (Melolontha) |
| Size | 3-5 cm |
| lub cev zoo | roll-puab, nkhaus |
| Tswv yim | 3 khub ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntej |
| Coloring | lub teeb rau cream nrog lub taub hau xim av |
| Development | 3 mus rau 5 xyoos |
| Hatch and excursion | txij thaum kawg lub Plaub Hlis/pib Tsib Hlis |
| habitat | av mus txog qhov tob ntawm 100 cm |
| Food | Cov cag ntoo |
Tam sim ntawd tom qab hatching ntawm lub qe, cockchafer larvae pib noj. Hauv thawj ob peb hnub, grubs feem ntau noj mulch thiab cov hauv paus hniav tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv kev faib ua feem rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob, cov larvae pub rau cov hauv paus hniav thicker, uas lawv nrhiav tau siv hauv paus exudates. Lub qhov ncauj muaj zog tso cai rau cov larvae insatiable mus tua yuav luag tag nrho cov nroj tsuag hauv paus hauv av. Thaum muaj drought, grubs nrhiav tob txheej ntawm cov av nrog cov dej noo ntau dua. Cov huab cua ntub dej nyiam lawv mus rau qhov siab dua, tab sis tsis yog nruab hnub.
Tip
Cov kab ntawm rhinoceros beetle yog txawv kiag li caliber tshaj cockchafer larvae. Nrog lub cev ntev txog li 12 centimeters, rhinoceros beetle larvae yog cov loj ntawm cov kab me me. Feem ntau, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb organic nrog lawv tus kheej cov nyom heaps muaj txoj cai ntawm kev qhuas tus rhinoceros beetle larva lossis kab laus.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Puas yog cockchafer larvae poisonous?
Hobby gardeners thiab cov tswv hav zoov liam cockchafer larvae ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov cag ntoo nyob rau saum cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Nyob ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub vaj lossis hav zoov, cov nyom tsis txaus ntseeg ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau perennials thiab woody nroj tsuag ntawm txhua yam. Thaum cov nroj tsuag herbaceous thiab deciduous ntoo tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab raug puas los ntawm cov neeg laus cockchafers saum av, cockchafer grubs deprive cov nroj tsuag ntawm lawv cov kev ua neej tsis muaj. kev cia siab ntawm kev rov tsim dua tshiab. Cov teebmeem tshwm sim yog nyob ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab. Tej zaum beetle larvae tsis tso tshuaj lom rau hauv cov nroj tsuag lossis hauv av.
Muaj ib tug kab laum qaib hauv peb lub vaj. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas los txhim kho los ntawm grub mus rau lub May beetle tiav?
A cockchafer larva siv peb mus rau tsib xyoos hauv av. Qhov nruab nrab, txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm ib tug tshiab hatched grub mus rau ib tug winged cockchafer yuav siv sij hawm plaub xyoos. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov khoom noj muaj tsuas yog cov hauv paus hniav ntawm paj, perennials thiab ntoo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, May beetle larva overwinters ob zaug, pupates thaum lub Yim Hli xyoo peb, hibernates hauv cov menyuam txaj thiab ya tawm hauv av raws li cov kab tiav hauv lub Plaub Hlis lossis Tsib Hlis ntawm xyoo plaub.
Puas muaj phau ntawv tswj txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos nrog May beetle larvae nyob rau hauv paj thiab perennial txaj?
Yog tias koj xav tias cockchafer larvae nyob hauv txaj, khawb cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam thiab lawv cov pob hauv paus. Sau los ntawm tes txhua grubs koj pom nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus network. Koj tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias koj tau ntes tag nrho May beetle larvae. Vim li no, peb pom zoo kom rov tso cov nroj tsuag rau hauv txaj hauv lub lauj kaub dav nrog cov substrate tshiab. Ua li no, cov qauv zais tsis tuaj yeem kis mus ntxiv hauv lub vaj.
Peb tab tom tawm tsam nrog ntau tus May beetle larvae hauv lub vaj. Puas yog peb tsuas zeb cov av tsis huv?
Tsuas yog tias txhua txoj kev tswj tsis tau koj yuav tsum xav txog kev siv lub tiller tawm tsam cockchafer larvae. Lub tiller plows hauv lub ntiaj teb mus rau qhov tob ntawm 10 centimeters thiab rhuav tshem tag nrho cov grubs. Tsis tas yuav muaj cov neeg tswj xyuas ntxiv lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho lwm cov av tsiaj kuj yuav tsum tau them nrog lawv lub neej rau kev tillage radical. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv av raug puas tsuaj tag. Kev rov tsim dua tshiab yuav siv sijhawm ntev.
Tip
Kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg loj heev uas muaj ntau lab tus May beetles hauv Avignon, Fabkis, tsis ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1320, cov kab tsuag tau raug txiav txim los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub kom "tshem tawm hauv peb hnub mus rau ib qho chaw uas cim los ntawm cov laug cam, qhov twg yuav muaj zaub mov txaus rau lawv. Cov neeg ua txhaum cai yuav raug saib xyuas raws li kev cai lij choj thiab tshem tawm, nws hais. Txawm hais tias daim ntawv tshaj tawm qhia thawj qhov cim qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm ecological, qhov ntsuas tau los tsis muaj dab tsi.
