Tus noog cherry ua kev zoo siab rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav nrog lub paj zoo li zaj dab neeg, daim ntaub dawb ntawm paj. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lig, cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo beckon. Noj hmo rau cov kab tshaib plab thiab cov noog ntxhov siab. Tom qab qhov chaw zoo nkauj no, tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo nkauj zais qhov tsaus ntuj uas tsw tsw ntxhiab ntawm almonds iab. Koj yuav tsum txhim kho koj lub vaj ntuj nrog cov ntoo txiv ntoo lossis tsis? Ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntsuab pab rau cov neeg nyiam ua liaj ua teb raws li seb tus noog cherry haum rau hauv lub vaj ecological lub tswv yim nrog cov lus qhia txog kev cog thiab tu kom zoo.
Dab tsi yog tus noog cherry?
Cov noog cherry (Prunus padus) yog tsob ntoo deciduous uas zoo siab nrog cov paj dawb thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj tau. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj lom, nws yog ib qho txaus nyiam ntxiv rau lub vaj ntuj, muab zaub mov rau kab thiab noog thiab ua rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xim zoo nkauj.
Profile
- Scientific name: Prunus padus
- Tsev neeg: Rosaceae
- Growth type: deciduous shrub, me ntoo
- Loj hlob qhov siab: 600 - 1500 cm
- Leaf: tsaus ntsuab, daj-liab lub caij nplooj zeeg xim
- Plaub lub sij hawm: Plaub Hlis Ntuj txog Lub Rau Hli
- Paj: dawb grapes
- Fruit: Drupes
- Toxicity: ib nrab toxic
- Lub caij ntuj no hardiness: hardy
- Kab mob thiab kab tsuag: kab mob khaub thuas, kab ntsaum web
- Siv: ntuj vaj, ornamental ntoo, hedge
Fruit
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tawg paj, muv, hoverflies thiab butterflies saib xyuas pollination. Muaj ntau yam ua rau cov kab tsis khoom, vim hais tias ib tug noog cherry ci nrog suav tsis txheeb, 10 mus rau 20 cm ntev, overhanging, 12 mus rau 30-paj pawg. Raws li ib tug nqi zog, cov pollinators yog attracted rau ib tug sip ntawm nectar nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua lub paj. Txhua lub paj pollinated hloov mus rau hauv ib qho edible drupe thaum lub caij ntuj sov lig. Cov khoom no qhia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov noog cherry:
- Xim: liab, dub thaum siav tag
- Size: pea size
- Shape: spherical
- Nyhav: 1.3 txog 2.1 g
- nqaij: tart-iab, edible, non-toxic
- Pob zeb core: taw tes, reticulated-pitty, lom
Video: Saib ze ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo pob zeb
Leaf
Tsis ntev ua ntej lub sij hawm flowering pib, cov noog ib txwm cherry tso rau ntawm nws lub tsho tiv no. Raws li lub xyoo nce mus, cov nplooj hloov xim mus txog thaum nws poob rau lub caij ntuj no. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog nplooj ntoo los ntawm cov yam ntxwv no:
- Xim: sab saum toj matt tsaus ntsuab, hauv qab grey-ntsuab, daj-liab lub caij nplooj zeeg xim
- Size: 6-15 cm ntev
- Shape: obovate rau elliptical taw, petiolate, finely serrated nplooj ntug
- Cov khoom tshwj xeeb: cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau hom kab npauj npaim uas muaj kev puas tsuaj, xws li cov kua txob dub butterflies thiab brimstone butterflies
- Kev siv vaj tse: kev tawg sai, tsim kom zoo humus, zoo tagnrho ntxiv rau compost
Tus American noog cherry (Prunus serotina), uas tsiv mus rau Central Europe, muaj 4 mus rau 12 cm ntev, oblong-ovoid rau oblong-lanceolate nplooj nrog tsaus ntsuab, ci iab saum thiab lub teeb ntsuab underside. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntug ntawm nplooj yog qhov txawv txav ntau dua li ntawm nplooj ntawm Prunus padus.
Toxicity
Cov noog cherry yog fickle heev thaum nws los txog rau nws cov ntsiab lus lom. Qee qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog permeated nrog co toxins uas yog npaj kom cov tsiaj nyeg nyob deb. Lwm thaj chaw muaj xws li tsis muaj tshuaj lom mus rau edible. Cov lus hauv qab no muab cov ntsiab lus:
- Poisonous: tawv, ntoo, cag, nplooj, noob, pob zeb,
- Non-toxic: paj, pulp
- Edible: pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj pob zeb (kua txiv, npaj rau hauv puree, jam, distillate)
Cov nroj tsuag tshuaj lom feem ntau muaj hydrogen cyanide, uas tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab iab almond. Qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw zoo tshaj plaws yog pom tau thaum koj hnia cov tawv ntoo lossis rub ib nplooj ntawm koj cov ntiv tes. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj npe nrov, noog cherry tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (saib botany.de). Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj yej ua los ntawm cov tawv ntoo cog lus tias yuav pab tau hnoos, rheumatism, teeb meem qhov muag, mob hawb pob, gout thiab ntshav siab. Nws tsis paub tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum muaj kev mob xeev siab, ntuav thiab mob rau kev noj cov noog cherry tshuaj yej.
Usage
Cov noog cherry muaj tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis uas nyiam cov neeg ua teb xav tau los ntawm tsob ntoo rau lub vaj ntuj. Lub paj tawg paj zoo nkauj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj overhanging txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua raws li cov xim ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg npau taws, yog qhov kev tshoov siab rau kev siv tswv yim. Bee-friendly plhaub paj, edible pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kev loj hlob sai mus rau lofty heights puag ncig cov hniav thiab tswv yim tus nqi. Cov lus hauv qab no muab kev nkag siab:
| Natural Garden | zoo nkauj vaj |
|---|---|
| Bee Pasture | Solitaire hauv lawn |
| Bird food plant | Tsev ntoo |
| Wild fruit bush | Privacy hedge |
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub hiav txwv ntawm paj paj nyiam muv, bumblebees, hoverflies thiab butterflies mus rau lub nectar-nplua nuj buffet. Rau cov noog, lub rooj yog teem nrog noj qab haus huv berries nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj sov. Tam sim no hobby gardeners yuav tsum maj nrawm kom tau txais lawv txhais tes ntawm qee lub pob zeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua cov khoom xyaw rau tart-fruity jam, iab-qab zib phoov los yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv tsev. Raws li ib tug romantic solitary shrub los yog lub tsev ntoo rau pem hauv ntej vaj, tus noog cherry yog ib qho ornament. Ib lub hedge ntiag tug ua los ntawm Prunus padus tiv thaiv kev ceev ntiag tug raws li lub paj tawg tawm tsam qhov muag pom.
Nkauj noog cherry
Nyob rau hauv nws cov inconspicuous, grey bark, tus noog cherry hides ib tug noble ntoo uas muaj nuj nqis. Cov xim sov, mos, elastic sib xws, tsis muaj qhov hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi tus noog cherry ntoo. Cov lus hauv qab no muab cov ntsiab lus:
- Sapwood: dawb mus rau daj, feem ntau tinged nrog reddish xim av
- Heartwood: daj ntseg liab daj mus rau lub teeb liab liab xim av, darkens
- Texture: mos, elastic, tawg porosity, fissile, heev flammable
Skilled DIY enthusiasts thiab experienced engineers paub siv cov kev zoo no rau kev tsim cov suab paj nruag, taug kev sticks, ib tug neeg daim ntawm rooj tog thiab veneers. Muaj kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw thiab cov ntsiab lus lom. Vim huab cua tsis zoo, cov leeg roj hmab tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov cav loj hlob hauv Central Europe yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob rau kev lag luam ntoo. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, noog cherry ntoo yog ib qho ntawm cov ntoo uas xav tau tshaj plaws los ua rooj tog.
Excursus
Growth rocket with invasive tendencies
Cov noog cherry tau txais kev loj hlob txhua xyoo txog li 70 centimeters. Nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev no, cov tsev neeg sawv hauv qhov sib npaug nrog npauj npaim hav txwv yeem (Buddleja davidii) thiab lwm cov foob pob hluav taws loj hlob. Nrog rau qhov kev loj hlob zoo li no, cov noog cherry hav txwv yeem tau txais lub koob npe nrov ntawm neophyte. Cog nrog lub hauv paus barrier thiab txiav tsis tu ncua kom invasive kis nyob rau hauv kev tswj.
cog noog cherry kom raug - lus qhia
Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los cog cov noog cherry raws li cov khoom siv hauv paus pheej yig yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Koj tuaj yeem cog ib tsob ntoo me me hauv ib lub thawv txhua xyoo ntev npaum li cov av tsis khov lossis qhuav. Nrog ceev faj xaiv ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov kws tshaj lij cov txheej txheem cog, koj tuaj yeem teem caij rau kev cog qoob loo sai. Yuav ua li cas cog ib tug noog cherry kom raug:
Xaiv qhov chaw
Lub cherry dub colonizes riparian hav zoov los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe mus rau Asia. Nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj, qhuav Mediterranean cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau hauv lub limestone-nplua nuj Balkan Islands tuaj, txawm li cas los, cov qus txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug tsawg qhua. Qhov kev faib tawm no muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog qhov chaw zoo uas Prunus padus xav tau hauv lub vaj nyiam nyiam:
- Sunny mus rau qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ib nrab
- Ntshiab, moist, nplua nuj av, zoo-drained
- Zoo tshaj nruab nrab rau me ntsis acidic pH nqi nyob ib ncig ntawm 6
- Cov txheej txheem cais tawm: dej nkag, boggy, calcareous thiab qhuav heev
Npaj qhov chaw
Kev npaj av zoo yog pom zoo rau kev loj hlob noj qab haus huv ntawm cov noog cog tshiab tshiab. Rake qhov chaw cog cog ob peb zaug. Siv lub sijhawm no los tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov cag qub. Tam sim no faib 3 mus rau 5 litres ntawm siav, sifted compost ib square meter thiab rake nyob rau hauv lub organic starter fertilizer superficially.
Plaub noog cherry
Thaum koj tab tom npaj cov av, thov tso cov cag ntoo ntawm cov noog me me rau hauv lub thoob dej. Soaked cag strands tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab, ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis ua haujlwm hauv thawj ob peb lub hlis. Nov yog qhov koj cog tsob txiv ntoo qus kom raug:
- khawb ib lub qhov cog ob zaug qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus pob
- Txhim kho qhov khawb los ntawm ib feem peb nrog compost thiab horn shavings
- kab lub qhov nrog lub hauv paus barrier
- Tswv dej-so hauv paus pob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov cog
- Tsav tus ncej txhawb rau hauv av thiab txuas mus rau hauv nruab nrab tua
- Tau lub qhov, nias cov av thiab slurry hauv
- Mulch lub hauv paus disc nrog nplooj, bark mulch los yog compost
Ib tsob nroj txiav tsuas yog yuav tsum tau rau ib tug noog cherry ua cov hauv paus khoom. Ua ntej cog, txiav tawm cov cag tawg. Txhawm rau kom muaj ntom ntom ntom, shorten txhua sab tua los ntawm ib peb tom qab cog. Thov tsis txhob luas cov kev txhawb nqa nruab nrab tua. Yog hais tias koj tau faib qhov chaw rau noog cherries nyob rau hauv ib tug hedge, qhov pom zoo cog deb yog 50 centimeters los yog ob tug ntoo ib kab meter.
Kev saib xyuas noog cherry - tswv yim rau kev nyiam ua vaj teb
Kev saib xyuas tus noog cherry yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov dej siab thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus. Kev txiav tsis tu ncua tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis kab mob. Monilia tip drought ua rau ntoo wilt nyuaj siab. Yog hais tias lub web npauj yog kab mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm baldness. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tsis yooj yim ntawm ib saib:
Pov
Noog cherry yog tsob ntoo nqhis dej heev. Kev ywg dej tsis tu ncua hauv cov xwm txheej qhuav npog cov dej siv ntau. Yog hais tias cov av nyob rau hauv lub Bush xav tias qhuav, watering yog tsim nyog. Vim tias nag tau tsis tshua muaj kev nkag rau hauv cov nplooj Toj siab ntov ntom ntom nti, dej txawm saum ntuj los nag. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov, watering loj shrub kom meej nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov los yog yav tsaus ntuj. Zoo dua yog siv cov dej nag los yog stale, cov kua qaub qis qis.
Fertilize
Organic chiv muab cov noog cherry lub zog loj hlob tsim nyog. Cov as-ham reserves los ntawm cov av npaj thiab pib fertilization yog sai sai siv. Kev rov ua dua yog muab los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov av sib xyaw hauv lub Peb Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli nrog 3 mus rau 5 litres ib square meter. Rake lub zoo tshaj plaws sifted compost rau saum npoo, raws li Prunus padus yog ib tug ntiav rooter. Kom paub meej tias cov as-ham tau nqus sai, thov dej dua.
Txiav
Pruning care yog tsom rau kev loj hlob, txhawb nqa lub teeb dej nyab thiab muab koj cov noog cherry zoo nkauj. Kws pruning txhawb kev loj hlob, revitalizes flowering thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Nov yog qhov koj txiav cov noog cherry hauv qhov piv txwv:
- Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws: Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj hauv Frost-free, huab cua qhuav
- Lwm lub sijhawm: kawg Lub Rau Hli
- Thawj tshem tawm tag nrho cov ntoo tuag
- Tshem cov ntoo khaub lig-hloov thiab ntsug
- Txiav rov qab hnyav dhau heev lawm, ntev dhau los ntawm peb lossis ntau dua
- Muab txiab 3 mus rau 5 mm deb ntawm lub paj los yog lub qhov muag tsaug zog
- Ib qho tseem ceeb: Tsis txhob tso cov ntoo ntev ntev ua cov ntsiab lus nkag rau cov kab mob fungal thiab lwm yam kab mob
Yog hais tias lub topiary txwv rau lub xyoo no txoj kev loj hlob, txiav lub Bush los yog crown tam sim ntawd tom qab flowering. Nrog rau qhov kev teem caij no koj txhawb kev nplua nuj ntawm paj vim Prunus padus blooms rau xyoo ntoo. Cov noog cherry tuaj yeem tsim ntau tus neeg khiav dej num thiab kis thoob plaws hauv lub vaj li no. Txiav cov cag suckers qhov twg lawv ceg tawm ntawm lub hauv paus loj. Pov tseg cov qoob loo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo los yog cov hauv paus hniav hauv cov khib nyiab los yog cov khib nyiab hauv tsev. Nplooj, tsis paj, noj qab nyob zoo tua tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub pob zeb pob zeb.
Sib ntaus sib tua Prunus top drought
Raws li ib feem ntawm ntau yam Prunus genus, tus noog cherry tsis zam los ntawm cov kab mob raug. Kev kis kab mob nrog cov kab mob fungal Monilia laxa, tseem hu ua Prunus tip drought, yog ib txwm muaj. Cov neeg mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg mob yog txiv apples, pears, cherries, plums thiab morello cherries. Cov tshuaj hauv tsev thiab cov tshuaj fungicides yog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev tawm tsam tus kab mob. Tseem muaj kev cia siab rau kev kho mob. Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv drought saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm tus noog cherry:
- Symptoms: wilted paj thiab nplooj, dawb-xim av fungal turf ntawm tuag tua cov lus qhia, cov pos hniav ntws
- Control: txiav cov ceg ntoo rov qab 15 cm rau hauv ntoo noj qab haus huv
- Prevention: txhua xyoo nyias nyias, tshem cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mummies, pov tseg cov kab mob txiav hauv tsev pov tseg
Web npauj - tua nws lossis zaum tawm?
Ntau rau chagrin ntawm hobby gardeners, ib tug voracious kab muaj tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov noog cherry. Cov kab ntsig daj-dub ntawm cov noog cherry npauj (Yponomeuta evonymellus) yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lawv txoj kev ntshaw thiab noj cov ntoo liab qab. Qhov kawg ntawm zaj nkauj yog ib daim ntaub qhwv tag nrho, cov pob txha tsis muaj nplooj uas ci ntsa iab hauv lub hnub ci. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tsim nyog. Cov lus pom luv luv hauv qab no rau hauv lub neej voj voog ntawm kab laug sab npauj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tus noog cherry piav qhia vim li cas qhov no yog li no:
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov kab ntsig overwintered tawm ntawm lawv cov pupae thiab noj cov nplooj me. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kab tsuag tsim ib lub vas sab, silvery-dawb los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov dej noo. Cov larvae insatiable nyob, noj thiab pupate nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tiv thaiv. Nyob rau nruab nrab / lig Lub rau hli ntuj, cov neeg laus npauj tawm thiab tsis noj, txhais tau hais tias kev puas tsuaj rau nplooj los txog rau thaum xaus. Tsuas yog ob lub lis piam tom qab, tus noog uas mob siab ntev cherry sprouts dua. Qhov tsuas downer yog qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm xyoo no cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qus vim cov kab tsuag kuj tua cov paj.
Ntau yam
Tus thawj hom, thaum ntxov-flowering noog cherry (Prunus padus), yog qhov kev tshoov siab rau cov hniav zoo nkauj nrog ntau hom kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub lig-flowering noog cherry (Prunus serotina) yog tam sim no tsis muaj ntau yam nyob rau hauv Central Europe.
- Pyramid noog cherry 'Le Thoureil': Slender, conical shrub, 6 mus rau 8 m siab, dawb huv, overhanging paj pawg los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis.
- Columnar noog cherry 'Obelisk': ntoo zoo li tsob ntoo, 6 mus rau 10 m siab, blooms profusely los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus rau Lub rau hli ntuj.
- Npauj Npaim Cherry 'Watereri': muaj zog noog cherry, 8 mus rau 12 m siab, 6 mus rau 8 m dav, flowering lub sij hawm ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus rau Lub rau hli ntuj.
- Late-Blooming Bird Cherry: Paj tawg los ntawm lub Tsib Hlis mus txog rau Lub Rau Hli, edible mini cherries thaum lub caij ntuj sov, qhov siab 5 txog 8 m.
- American noog cherry: Synonym for lig-flowering noog cherry (Prunus serotina).
FAQ
Koj puas tuaj yeem ua jam los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cherry dub?
Yog tias koj tsis mloog lub tart, iab saj ntawm noog cherries, koj tuaj yeem ua jam los yog jelly los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pob zeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias koj muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ntej vim tias cov noob muaj tshuaj lom hydrogen cyanide. Koj muaj peev xwm conjure li ib tug qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo jelly nyob rau hauv tsis muaj sij hawm siv 1.7 liv ntawm cov noog cherry kua txiv, 1 kg ntawm preserving qab zib (2: 1), 2 pob ntawv ntawm vanilla qab zib thiab 1 teaspoon ntawm citric acid.
Puas yog cov noog cherry haum raws li tsob ntoo hedge?
Cov noog cherry yuav tsum tsis txhob ploj hauv qhov sib xyaw, pub dawb-loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo hedge. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub vaj nrog moist, nutrient-nplua nuj av, haiv neeg Prunus padus impresses nrog ib tug hiav txwv ntawm paj nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab noj qab haus huv berries nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cog raws li ib tug hedge, lub haiv neeg loj hlob rockets sai sai hloov mus rau hauv ib tug ntom network ntawm ceg nyob rau hauv uas feathered thiab winged vaj creatures tau yooj yim nkaum. Muab cov noog cherry nrog blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), dub elderberry (Sambucus nigra) thiab cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cog nrug ntawm 50 centimeters.
Puas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm noog cherries thiab lwm yam ntoo?
Cov noog cherry yuav tsum tsis meej pem nrog buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula). Ob lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo qus muaj cov tawv tawv grey thiab muab cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ob hom ntoo, sapwood yog yellowish-dawb thiab heartwood yog reddish. Kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis meej pem txog lub npe. Thaum ntxov-blooming noog cherry (Prunus padus) yog nrov npe hu ua kev pab cuam cherry los yog serviceberry, uas suab zoo ib yam li cov serviceberry hom serviceberry (Sorbus torminalis). Qhov kawg tab sis qhov kawg, cov noog ib txwm muaj cherry thiab American noog cherry zoo sib xws.
Cov ntoo ntawm cov noog cherry muaj pes tsawg calorific?
Tus nqi calorific ntawm huab cua qhuav ntoo ntawm Prunus padus yog 19.1 MJ / kg. Qhov no sib raug rau tus nqi calorific ntawm 4.0 kWh / kg. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntoo ntawm ib tug noog cherry yog nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog maple, birch, dav hlau ntoo los yog elm. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov txiaj ntsig no hais txog cov ntoo qhuav. Raws li hav zoov-tshiab ntoo, noog cherry tsuas muaj tus nqi calorific ntawm 6.8 MJ / kg thiab tus nqi calorific ntawm 1.9 kWh / kg.
