Biochar yog ib feem ntawm Terra Preta av thiab yog tsim los ntawm hlawv cov organic xws li ntoo txiav thiab ceg. Ua ntej cov thee tau muab tso rau hauv lub txaj, nws yuav tsum tau qhib nrog compost, piv txwv li, kom nws tsis tshem tawm cov as-ham los ntawm cov av. Biochar yog siv los ua cov av txhim kho.
Biochar ua li cas?
Biochar muaj cov khoom siv cog xws li cov ceg ntoo, nplooj thiab ntoo. Cov khoom yog hlawv nyob rau hauv lub kontiki kiln los yog lub khob hliav qab lub qhov nyob rau hauv av thiab quenched ob peb zaug nrog dej thaum tshauv ntaub ntawv. Tom qab ntawd lub thee yog qhuav thiab finely av. Nws yog ces siv, piv txwv li, raws li ib feem ntawm Terra Preta los yog ntxiv rau cov compost.
Biochar yog dab tsi?
Tsis yog tag nrho cov thee yog tib yam. Tau lees paub, lawv txhua tus yog cov dub thiab ntxeem tau. Tab sis biochar yog ib yamntshiab tej yam ntuj tso khoomuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tib neeg. Nws cov txheej txheem tsim yog hu ua pyrolysis. Qhov no suav nrogcov nroj tsuag(xws li ntoo, nplooj thiab nplej husks) uakua kub (carbonized) thaum tsis muaj oxygen. Dab tsi tseem yog cov khoom siv cog qoob loo lossis biochar. Qhov no tau tsim ntau lab xyoo dhau los thaum muaj hluav taws kub hav zoov, tab sis kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg hauv South America.
Lub thiaj li hu uaTerra Preta (dub ntiaj teb) ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm yog ib tug sib tov ntawm biochar thiab thaum ntxov composting (khoom khib nyiab, dung, biomass, tshauv). Terra Preta ua rau cov av hnyav heev nyob rau hauv lub tropics heev fertile. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev ua liaj ua teb no tau tsis nco qab rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 40 xyoo dhau los, biochar tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Biochar tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov av (15 mus rau 21 feem pua ntawm cov qoob loo), tab sis tseem khi lub tsev cog khoom roj CO2 mus tas li.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm charcoal, biochar thiab biochar?
Raws li tau hais thaum pib, tsis yog txhua lub thee yog tib yam. Qee qhov kev nkag siab yuam kev tshwm sim vim kev txhais lus los ntawm Askiv mus rau German. Hauv kev hais lus pej xeem, peb feem ntau tuaj hla cov lus siv tsis raug. Biochar yog scientific sib txawv ntawm biochar. Coal yog txawv raws li cov khoom siv raw, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov khoom siv thee thiab thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Nroog Charcoal, Charcoal thiab HTC Charcoal - Sib txawv Charcoals nrog txawv hom phiaj
Biochar
Biochar is the“umbrella term rau tag nrho cov thee ua los ntawm biomass” (Source: Biochar Association). Nws suav nrog zaub thiab charcoal, tab sis kuj HTC charcoal. Ib qho tseem ceeb: Biochar pib tsis muaj dab tsi zoo sib xws nrog kev ruaj ntseg ecological organic foob, xws li organic cawv. Lub npe ua raws tib lub npe raws li biogas lossis biogasoline. Tab sis muaj cov organic biochars tshwj xeeb uas siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj organic.
Biochar
Biochar tau txais los ntawmpyrolysis txheej txheem. Biomass yog cua sov ntawm qhov kub siab thaum tsis muaj oxygen (>300 ° C). Cov khoom kawg yuav tsum muaj qee yampiv ntawm hydrogen rau cov pa roj carbon ntaukom tau ntawv pov thawj raws li biochar. Lawv siv dag, piv txwv li, hauv kev ua teb thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntoo, cov khoom pib muaj xws li cov khib nyiab hauv vaj, nplej husks thiab nyom clippings.
Charcoal
Charcoal kuj yog pyrochar, piv txwv li cov khoom kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem pyrolysis. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau biochar, thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, tab sis nyob rau hauv generating tshav kub, piv txwv li thaum grilling. Lawv cov khoom pib yog ntoo. Vim tias nws yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, teeb meem polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tuaj yeem nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov hluav taws kub tsis tu ncua (rau grilling) tsis haum rau siv hauv txaj.
HTC Carbon
HTC sawv cev rau "hydrothermal carbonization" thiab piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem uas txawv ntawm pyrolysis. Cov khoom kawg muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov xim av xim av. Yog li ntawd, HTC carbon tsis suav tias yog biochar, txawm tias biomass siv los ua raw khoom. Txawm hais tias hom thee no haum rau kev siv ua liaj ua teb yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb.
Material
Biomass los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, ua teb thiab viticulture raws li zoo raws li los ntawm lub nroog collections yog ua tiav rau hauv biochar ntawm loj loj. Tab sis koj lub vaj tsev kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus los ua koj tus kheej biochar. Cov ceg qub tau ua pov thawj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab ntsuab cuttings. Cov biomass yuav tsum qhuav heev.
Cov nroj tsuag xws li nees mackerel tsim lub hauv paus ntawm biochar
Cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no yog tsim rauPlant charcoal production:
- Ntoo
- lawv txiav
- Nyob
- Txiv ntoo thiab ntoo
- cereal husks
Biochar ua li cas?
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub Easter thiab qhov cub hluav taws kub? Yog lawm! - Zoo siab. Tab sis qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv huab cua. Cov ntoo qub qub ntawm qhov hluav taws Easter yog txhob txwm muab tso rau kom muaj oxygen ntau npaum li qhov ua tau pub nplaim taws. Hauv qhov cub biomass -tsis muaj cua- tsuas yog simmers tam sim ntawd. Txhawm rau kom qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm350 thiab 800°C. Yog tias qhov cua sov no tshwm sim yam tsis muaj cua, cov txheej txheem no hu ua pyrolysis.
Thaum lub sijhawm braising no,ntev molecular chainsntawm cov nroj tsuag cell tawg. Qhov no tsimsynthesis gases, tshav kub thiab cov ntxeem tau biocharDab tsi tshwm sim hauv cov kilns tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Hnub Nyoog Hlau tuaj yeem siv tau zoo dua niaj hnub no sivcov nroj tsuag niaj hnub siv tshuab pyrolysis: tsawg dua emissions, zoo dua. Cov tshuab no muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab txawm tias me me rau lub vaj. Cov cuab yeej no pab, tab sis tsis tsim nyog kiag li. Hauv qab no peb yuav qhia koj ib txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem yooj yimua biochar koj tus kheej.
Biochar qhib tau li cas?
Ib qho tshiab ntawm cov thee yuav tsum tsis txhob nchuav ncaj qha rau hauv txaj. Vim nws tseem tsis tau “them”. Thaum cov saw ntev molecules tawg, qhov chaw saum npoo nce ntau zaus. Ib gram ntawm biochar muaj thaj tsam sab hauv ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 300 square meters. Yog tias cov khoom tuaj ncaj qha tawm ntawm qhov cub, cov zaub mov tsawg heev (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, thiab lwm yam) ua raws li cov thee. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo li no, cov thee yuav tshem tawm ntau cov zaub mov thiab dej los ntawm substrate.
Yog vim li cas biochar yuav tsum tau qhib ua ntej siv ua liaj ua teb. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias koj coj lawv mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov zaub mov. Compost yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no, qhov twg cov thee tuaj yeem tsau tau zoo li ob peb lub lis piam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov zaub mov, dej thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov av muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov kab mob kuj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov kab dav dav ntawm biochar.
Biochar siv rau dab tsi?
Biochar tsis yog siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb xwb
Biochar yog siv rau hauv cov hauv qab no ntawm pej xeem lub neej:
- Agriculture: raws li cov av additive, biochar khaws dej thiab minerals, txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, khi hnyav hlau, nitrates thiab toxins thiab txhawb cov av aeration. Kuj zoo rau paj thiab zaub txaj hauv vaj!
- Tsiaj khaws cia: as a feed additive it improves animal he alth and stability hygiene, txo tus ntxhiab tsw thiab kuj txhim kho cov manure nyhuv.
- Communities: Biochar siv tau los ua rwb thaiv tsev, rau decontamination, haus dej haus thiab purification.
- Energy production: ua biomass additive thiab rau biogas slurry kho. Zuag qhia tag nrho, ntau tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag biogas thiab tsawg dua emissions.
- Industry: raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, rau kev khaws zaub mov, muab tub lim thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob electromagnetic.
- Environmental Protection: Biochar khi CO2 thiab ua kom cov av thiab dej huv. Pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis tsis zoo.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws activated biochars
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj biochar kuj tuaj yeem yooj yim yuav hauv cov khoom zoo, qhib daim ntawv ntawm lub vaj chaw (€ 35.00 ntawm Amazon) lossis hauv online. Peb nthuav qhia qhov zoo tshaj plaws biochars rau lub vaj. Peb them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom ruaj khov hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab tus nqi ncaj ncees-kev ua tau zoo. Feem ntau koj yuav tsum tsis ntseeg txog biochar yam tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog nws keeb kwm.
Nws kuj yuav tsum tau hais tias biochar tsis yog chiv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug av additive uas tuav dej thiab minerals nyob rau hauv cov av. Cov kab mob uas ua raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide xav tau cov khoom siv organic uas lawv decompose thiab ua rau cov nroj tsuag. (Organic) chiv ntxiv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshem tawm tag nrho.
Dimicro
Dimicro's biochar yog cov hauv av zoo thiab ua haujlwm, yog li nws tuaj yeem koom ncaj qha rau hauv av. Raws li cov khoom pov thawj organic thiab vegan, nws tawm tsis muaj dab tsi xav tau. Cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txhim kho cov av zoo. Muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.5 litres ntawm biochar ib square meter, yog li koj tuaj yeem npaj ib ncig ntawm 10 square metres ntawm av nrog ib qho kev txiav txim.
Carbo Verte
Carbo Verte yog ib qho tshwj xeeb biochar qhib los ntawmStinging nettle concentrate. Cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo kom siv nws li Terra Preta, piv txwv li hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm compost, manure thiab thawj pob zeb hmoov. Xwb, me ntsis coarser thee tuaj yeem tso ncaj qha rau hauv av.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis yog-activated biochars
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv biochars tsis raug tso cai rau hauv lub vaj yam tsis muaj ado ntxiv. Yog hais tias nws tau los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov av nyob rau hauv ib lub txaj, nws yuav tshem tawm tag nrho nws cov dej noo thiab minerals. Qhov ntawd yuav ua rau tuag taus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam kuj qhia cov kev xaiv tsim nyog raws li lawv cov pa roj carbon zoo li cas yuav qhib tau.
Miracle Garden
Cov organic biochar los ntawm Wundergarten cog lus tias yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntxiv. Nws muaj cov nroj tsuag tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsuab thiab yog finely grained. Wundergarten kuj pom zoo kom muab cov biochar hauv daim ntawv ntawm Terra Preta rau hauv txaj. Conveniently, lub hom muaj cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm nws lub vev xaib. Nrog 25 litres, lub hnab yog kev nqis peev mus ntev.
Carbo Verte
Carbo Verte dua, tab sis lub sij hawm no tsis muaj nettle concentrate. Koj yuav tau txais 20 litres ntawm high-zoo biochar, uas koj muaj peev xwm recharge raws li koj xav tau. Cov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo kom nchuav ib txheej ntawm biochar rau saum txhua txheej ntawm cov khoom siv organic hauv compost. Yuav tsum muaj li ntawm 10% carbon ib square meter ntawm compost. Hloov mus rau 100 litres ntawm biochar ib 1000 litres ntawm compost.
Cov lus qhia: Ua thiab qhib koj tus kheej biochar
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov biochar yog qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yuav tsum muaj siab txaus kom cov PAHs tsis zoo los ntawm cov thee raug hlawv. Peb thiaj li pom zoo kom nyeem ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Biochar Association, uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm no thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm Bavarian State Institute for Agriculture ntawm no.
- Npaj thiab teeb pom kev zoo: Txiav cov nroj tsuag kom tsawg li tsawg tau. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, qhov zoo dua. Teeb me ntsis biomass nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub Kon-Tiki (lub tais hluav taws) los yog hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Nco ntsoov tias huab cua me me li sai tau mus rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
- Refill: Sai li sai tau ib txheej dawb ntawm tshauv ntog rau ntawm biomass, txuas ntxiv combustion. Ntxiv ob mus rau peb txhais tes ntawm ntoo tshiab.
- Extinguish: Thaum txhua yam tau kub hnyiab tas, tua cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov cub lossis qhov cub nrog dej. Txwv tsis pub cov tshauv yuav raug tsim los ntawm cov thee. Cov dej ntws ntws tuaj yeem sau tau thiab siv ua dej ntws.
- Pouring: Ncuav dej thaum lub qhov cub txias lawm. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov thee zoo tsis muab pov tseg. Yog li siv ntaub rau sieving. Cia kom qhuav rau peb mus rau plaub hnub.
- Mortars: Finely grind the coarse material with a pestle.
- Activate: Ua kom cov biochar uas tau txais hauv compost los yog quav quav. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv li ntawm peb mus rau plaub lub lis piam.
- Incorporate: Yog tias lub biochar qhib, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tob rau hauv txaj. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv mulch lossis nitrogen chiv rau saum.
Ntawm YouTube channel Sonnenerde koj yuav pom cov lus qhia yooj yim video yuav ua li cas ua biochar koj tus kheej yam tsis muaj qhov cub kim.
Pflanzenkohle | Selber herstellen mit der Grubenmethode
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm biochar
Advantages
- Khaws cov zaub mov thiab dej noo
- Muaj chaw nyob rau cov kab mob tseem ceeb
- khi hnyav hlau, nitrates thiab toxins
- Loss av thiab txhim kho qhov cua
- Txhim kho av zoo thiab cog kev loj hlob
- Limishing nyhuv - nce pH tus nqi ntawm cov av
- Tshuaj tsw qab
- Versatile: Los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb mus rau kev kho dej
- Cheap and DIY
- khi tsev cog khoom gases hauv av thiab suav hais tias yog CO2 dab dej
Disadvantages
- Unactivated biochar tshem tawm cov zaub mov thiab dej hauv lub ntiaj teb
- Tej zaum muaj cov kab mob PAHs siab heev
- Muaj cov nroj tsuag uas tsis zoo rau carbon/alkaline av
- Tsis muaj ib tug cawm seej
- Kev siv cov thee loj yog kev cuam tshuam hauv qhov xwm txheej (tsis paub qhov tshwm sim?)
FAQ
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm biochar, charcoal thiab biochar?
Biochar yog lub kaus rau tag nrho cov thee uas yog tsim los ntawm charring ntawm biomass. Charcoal yog biochar, tab sis nws cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov yog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Biochar kuj tseem muaj lwm yam biomass thiab siv - muaj ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog - ua cov av ntxiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab horticulture.
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau biochar?
Biochar twb tau siv los ntawm cov neeg hauv South America ua cov av ntxiv. Nws txhim kho cov av zoo thiab yog li txhawb cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob. Biochar kuj tseem siv rau ntau thaj chaw ntawm pej xeem lub neej niaj hnub no.
Biochar qhib tau li cas?
Biochar yog qhib rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov zaub mov muaj dawb thiab noo noo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau, piv txwv li, hauv cov pob zeb hauv av lossis hauv cov quav nettle.
Yuav tsum siv biochar ntau npaum li cas?
Kwv yees li 0.5 litres ntawm activated biochar yog ua hauj lwm tob rau hauv av ib square meter.
Biochar yog dab tsi?
Biochar yog biomass uas simmers ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis muaj cua. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua pyrolysis. Biochar muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau ntau thiab ua haujlwm, piv txwv li, ua cov av ntxiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab horticulture.
Yuav ua li cas koj ua koj tus kheej biochar?
Txhawm rau tsim cov biochar koj tus kheej, koj thawj zaug xav tau cov khoom siv biomass txaus, piv txwv li kev cog ntoo txhua xyoo thiab txiav ntoo. Qhov no yog braised nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov cub tshwj xeeb los yog hauv qhov hluav taws kub, deglazed thiab ces chopped.
