Nyeem cov lus qhia pear quince ntawm no nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev loj hlob, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ntau yam paub zoo. Cov lus qhia sim thiab sim piav qhia yuav ua li cas cog thiab tu tsob ntoo quince.
Pear Quince yog dab tsi?
Pear quince yog ib hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrov los ntawm genus Cydonia, uas yog lub npe hu rau nws pear-puab, golden daj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nws loj hlob zoo li tsob ntoo deciduous lossis tsob ntoo me, nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 3 mus rau 5 meters thiab feem ntau siv los ua compote, jam, jelly lossis quince qhob cij.
Profile
- Scientific name: Cydonia
- Tsev neeg: Rosaceae
- Tribus: Pome txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsev neeg (Pyrinae)
- tshwm sim: Europe, Asia
- Loj hlob hom: tsob ntoo loj lossis tsob ntoo me
- Loj hlob qhov siab: 3m txog 5m
- Leaf: qe-zoo li tus
- Paj: tsib npaug, davhlau ya nyob twg
- Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo: Sau Cov Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo
- Root system: tob hauv paus
- Lub caij ntuj no hardiness: hardy
- Siv: boiled, steamed, ci
Growth
Pear quince yog ib hom ntawm cov genus Cydonia, uas tau muab rau cov subtribe pome txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsev neeg (Pyrinae). Tib hom nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv no genus yog cov qus quince (Cydonia oblonga). Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm botanical, nws tsis yog tus ntoo khaub lig nrog tseeb pears (Pyrus). Qhov kev sib txuas no tau tshwm sim, ntawm lwm yam, hauv qhov tseeb tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo furry ntawm pear quince tsis haum rau kev noj nyoos. Ib tsob ntoo quince ua rau kev ua noj tsis txaus nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no:
- Growth type: deciduous shrub los yog tsob ntoo me me nrog paj dawb-dawb thiab aromatic, pear-puab txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ua kua txiv, jelly, jam thiab compote.
- Growth form: tree-like, broad, upright shrub or short-stemmed me tree.
- Growth height: 300 cm to 500 cm.
- Growth width: 200 cm to 400 cm.
- Bark: pib hnov, tom qab du, xim av-liab.
- Root: Deep Roots
- Gardenically nthuav cov khoom: yooj yim rau tu, siab-yielding, hardy, muv-phooj ywg, siab ornamental nqi, thib ob ntau yam tsis yuav tsum tau raws li ib tug pollinator, ntev sau lub sij hawm, cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau lub vaj me me.
Bloom
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog paj ntawm tsob ntoo quince, hobby gardeners tau txais kev nkag siab tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo. Paj ecology txiav txim siab seb puas yuav tsum tau muaj pollinator ntxiv. Flowering lub sij hawm thiab txoj hauj lwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov kws kho mob pruning. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum paub txog pear quince paj hauv cov ntsiab lus no:
- Paj zoo: stalked, yooj yim, tswb-puab, tsib-petaled nrog ob lub perianth (5 plaub hau sepals, 5 ovate petals, 20 luv stamens, 5 free styles).
- Paj xim: dawb los yog liab.
- Paj loj: 4 cm to 5 cm in diam.
- paj ecology: hermaphrodite
- Position: terminal on txhua xyoo tua.
- Plauj lub sij hawm: May thiab June
Nrog nws cov paj, pear quince nyiam tuaj xyuas los ntawm me me bumblebees thiab lwm yam tsiaj qus. Cov pollinators tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov khoom noj qab zib nplua nuj nyob hauv qab ntawm cov kab paj.
Fruit
Plaub mus rau yim xyoo tom qab cog, pear quince dais nws thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov yam ntxwv:
- Fruit type: Pome fruit
- Fruit shape: Pear-shaped on a 5 mm long, hairy fruit stalk.
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo: golden yellow thaum ripe.
- Special feature: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib, tawv tawv nrog ntau cov noob thiab pob zeb hauv qab lub plhaub plaub.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no, nws pom tseeb: pear quince tsis yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo los tom. Yog tsis muaj laj thawj rau forego lub fruity, tart txiv hmab txiv ntoo lom zem. Quince lovers ua qhov tsim nyog ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ua compote, jam, chutney, jelly lossis quince qhob cij. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav paub yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov kev npaj hauv video hauv qab no:
Video: Cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua pear quince thiab kua quince
Pear quince ntau yam
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pear quince ntau yam yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm cov qus quince (Cydonia oblonga) los ntawm Eastern Europe los yog nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees nrog me me winters. Hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam, cov paj zoo siab tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev cog qoob loo kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwj xeeb tsis hloov pauv. Cov lus hauv qab no nthuav tawm tsib yam nyiam ntawm German nyiam ua vaj zaub hauv ntau yam ntxiv:
| Pear Quince Ntau yam | Bereczki | Cydonia Robusta | Portuguese pear quince | Vranja | Pear Quince Westheim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Keeb kwm | Hungary | Geisenheim | Portugal | Serbia | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Growth height | 300-400 cm | 350-550 cm | 300-500 cm | 300-400 cm | 250-300 cm |
| Speciality | big fruits | thaum flowering lub sij hawm los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis | txoj kev nyuaj siab, tus kheej fertile | self-fertile | slow growth |
| Hloov sij hawm | from October | September to December | October to November | Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis | September to November |
| pulp | sweet-aromatic, me ntsis | creamy yellow, ob peb pob zeb | dawb-daj, muaj kua | ntsuab khov, qab zib thiab qaub | dawb-daj, muaj kua |
Txawm hais tias cov tsiaj qus quince zoo siab nrog cov paj hermaphrodite, ob peb hom pear quince tsis yog tus kheej fertile. Feem ntau, cov qoob loo sau tau ntau dua yog tias koj muab txhua tsob ntoo quince nrog pollinator. Cog pear quince thiab kua quince nyob rau hauv ib lub pob ob yog pom zoo rau lub vaj hobby.
Plaub pear quince
Koj yuav tsum tau npaj cog pear quinces raws li kev cog qoob loo los ntawm koj qhov chaw zov me nyuam ntoo. Vim tias cov hauv paus hniav quince tsis tshua muaj rhiab heev rau Frost, tus tswv tsev zov me nyuam grafts ntau yam noble mus rau lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau cog yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas cog pear quince ntawm no:
Location
Cov no yog cov xwm txheej zoo rau lub pear quince hauv lub vaj:
- Tshav ntuj rau qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ib nrab, zoo tagnrho nrog rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob kev taw qhia.
- Nyob hauv vaj av, zoo dua nutrient-nplua nuj, tshiab rau me ntsis moist thiab permeable.
- Neutral rau me ntsis acidic pH nqi (cov txiv qaub cov ntsiab lus siab nyob rau hauv cov av ua rau nplooj chlorosis).
Ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv qhov chaw yog kev cog qoob loo. Yog hais tias ib tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo pob zeb yav tas los nyob hauv qhov chaw npaj, tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev qaug zog ntawm av. Yog tias tus thawj coj yog tsob ntoo pome txiv ntoo, hloov cov av hauv txaj hla thaj chaw loj lossis cog tsob ntoo quince rau lwm qhov chaw.
Plaub Tips
Nrog cov txheej txheem cog kom raug, lub hom phiaj yog nyob rau ntawm grafting point ntawm tsob ntoo quince. Nws ua rau kev nkag siab tias muaj kev tiv thaiv cua. Cov qub ntau yam thiab qee cov cag ntoo zoo li tsim kev ntxhov siab. Cov khoom hauv paus xav tau cov hauv paus hniav thiab cov nroj tsuag pruning. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog dab tsi tseem ceeb thaum cog pear quince hauv cov lus qhia thiab kev ua kom yuam kev:
- Preparation: Muab cov cag liab qab thiab cov khoom potted tso rau hauv dej rau ob peb teev.
- Excavation work: khawb lub qhov cog, loosen hauv qab kom huv si, kab lub qhov nrog ib tug rhizome barrier yog tias tsim nyog, sib tov cov excavated cov ntaub ntawv nrog compost av.
- Kab txiav: txiav cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov cag ntoo liab qab, tshem tawm qhov chaw puas.
- Coj tob: grafting point yog 10 cm (ib txhais tes dav) saum av nto.
- Txhawb nqa ncej: Tsav hauv cov ncej ntoo 10 cm mus rau 15 cm ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev, txuas nrog hose ties.
- Cia li txiav: Txiav rov qab lub hauv paus tua los ntawm ib feem peb, tawm 4 mus rau 5 ceg ntoo uas muaj zog rau yav tom ntej ceg ntawm tsob ntoo crown thiab luv luv, tshem tawm tag nrho cov seem. sab tua.
Thaum kawg, ntuav cov av thiab dej cov tsob ntoo quince tshiab tshiab ua siab dav.
Excursus
Pear Quince Kua Quince Qhov txawv
Dhau ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muaj qhov sib txawv no: Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm pear quince loj dua thiab muaj cov noob thiab pob zeb tsawg dua li cov kua quince. Pear quince pulp muaj ib tug softer sib xws thiab ib tug me ntsis saj. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo spherical quinces impress nrog lawv cov aromatic, txawm tias pob zeb-nyuaj, nqaij.
Nyob rau pear quince
Nrog kev saib xyuas qis, pear quince tau nrov hauv lub vaj tsev. Cov dej thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus tsuas yog yooj yim los tswj xws li kev tu, sau qoob thiab caij ntuj no. Nyeem cov lus qhia saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no:
- Watering: nyob rau hauv qhuav qhuav, dej nrog stale kais dej los yog sau los nag.
- Mulching: Mulch tsob ntoo disc tsis tu ncua nrog compost, nplooj los yog qhuav nyom clippings.
- Fertilizing: fertilize lub Peb Hlis nrog 3 liv ntawm compost thiab 100 grams ntawm horn shavings.
- Txiav: Txiav tsob ntoo quince txhua 3 xyoos nyob rau lub Ob Hlis, nyias tawm cov ntoo tuag, tshem tawm hnav, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav mus rau qhov kev cog lus sab tua.
- Harvesting: sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog golden daj tawv nqaij txij lub Cuaj Hli / pib lub Kaum Hli.
Hauv thawj ob peb xyoos ntawm kev siv, kev tiv thaiv lub caij ntuj no raug pom zoo. Npog lub hauv paus hlais nrog ib txheej ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg nplooj thiab spruce twigs. Cov ntoo quince qub yog cov tawv tawv tag.
Ntau yam
Nyob rau saum 5 nrov pear quinces, cov keeb kwm ntau yam yog vying rau cov nyiam gardener nyiam:
- Champion: ntau yam muaj zog, tseem hu ua champion quince, yooj yim rau tu, tag nrho hardy, nruab nrab-ntev, qab zib-qaub nqaij.
- Franconian quince: Quince ntoo nrog pear-puab, furry txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas exude ib tug ntsim tsw.
- Pineapple quince los ntawm Aisch: Franconian lub teb chaws ntau yam, txiv hmab txiv ntoo nruab nrab, tshwj xeeb quince tsw nrog ib tug qab zib pineapple note.
- Bamberg Michelsberger Pear Quince: keeb kwm hlub ntau yam los ntawm 130 xyoo niam tsob ntoo los ntawm Michelsberg, dais cylindrical, taw tes txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
FAQ
Koj tuaj yeem cog pear quince nyob qhov twg?
Lub pear quince xav tau tshav ntuj, sov, qhov zoo tshaj qhov chaw nyob. Icy easterly cua hauv lub caij ntuj no ua rau cov lus qhia tua kom khov rov qab. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov av yog me ntsis. Nws yuav tsum yog ib txwm vaj av. Zoo dua xoob, humus-nplua nuj, as-ham-nplua nuj thiab me ntsis moist. Cov txheej txheem cais tawm yog cov kua qaub siab thiab dej nkag.
Puas yog cov neeg khiav tawm mus ntshai ntawm tsob ntoo quince?
Ib tug grafted pear quince feem ntau tsis tsim runners uas infiltrate lub vaj. Tej yam zoo li txawv nrog cov qub pear quince ntau yam uas los ntawm kev nthuav tawm los ntawm kev tseb. Cov ntoo quince no tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg sib tw khiav, qee zaum nrog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Yog tias koj cog ungrafted quince seedling, peb pom zoo kom siv rhizome barrier.
Puas yog pear quince self-fertile?
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm fertilization tus cwj pwm, quince ntoo muab faib ua indeterminate, nws tus kheej infertile thiab self-fertile ntau yam. Tus kheej-fertile ntau yam yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Cov no suav nrog yuav luag txhua hom pear quince, xws li Bereczki, Vranja, Portuguese pear quince lossis Champion. Lub degree ntawm fertilization nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg txoj hauj lwm yog txaus rau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev vaj. Feem ntau, cov qoob loo qoob loo tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, txawm tias los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tus kheej, yog tias koj cog ob tsob ntoo quince.
Kuv txiv pear quince bored ob txiv hmab txiv ntoo thawj zaug rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Puas yog pruning tsim nyog tam sim no?
Pruning tu rau ib tug pear quince feem ntau yog txwv rau ib tug nyias nyias. Yog hais tias tsob ntoo ua tuab heev uas lub hnub lub rays tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus, koj yuav tsum siv pruning txiab. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws yog lub Ob Hlis kawg thaum huab cua tsis muaj Frost. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias cov qoob loo tawm ib yam dab tsi uas xav tau, koj tuaj yeem nce profitability. Kab rov tav ceg tsim cov txiv ntoo zoo tshaj plaws. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov ceg ntoo nce siab raug tshem tawm lossis khi rau hauv txoj haujlwm kab rov tav.
Puas yog pear quince hardy?
Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov pear quince ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog hardy. Lub degree ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness nyob ntawm ntau yam: Ib tsob ntoo quince yog fertilized rau lub xeem lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj kom cov ceg mature ua ntej thawj Frost. Ntoo tsis raug rau sab hnub tuaj lossis sab qaum teb cua thaum lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av ntub heev lossis qhuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub caij ntuj no hardiness.
